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. 2016 Mar 23;14:21. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0566-x

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© Hatherell et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Visual representation of the four topics of the review, with colours representing different strains of TB. a Direction of transmission: permissible either way for individuals with the same strain (same colour); excluded for cases with different strains. b Within-host diversity, in the first instance as microevolution of an infecting strain and in the second due to mixed infection. A source case with a diverse burden can transmit different combinations of strains. c Strain diversity over time. d Drug resistance patterns in the form of acquired drug resistance mutations (red line) followed by transmission