Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2015 Dec 18;83:383–395. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.011

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

3D-dhECT CMs responded to exogenous pacing and beta adrenergic agonist and antagonist drug treatment. During exogenous pacing, time to baseline (t to bl) (A) 50% and (B) 80% were similar for 2D and 3D cultured CMs (day 14). (C) Representative calcium transient traces of 2D and 3D cultured cells at 1 Hz pacing frequency. (D) Addition of 0.5 μM isoproterenol shortened spontaneously contracting 3D-dhECT CM calcium transient t to bl 50% and 80%, suggesting that the chronotopic response to β-adrenergic signaling is operational. (E) In these early stage 3D-dhECT CMs, isoproterenol increased the rate of spontaneous contraction. n = 3. Mean ± s.d. ANOVA P < 0.05, * vs. Pre-Isoproterenol. (F) Rate of 3D-dhECT spontaneous contraction increased after the addition of isoproterenol (1 μM) and decreased after subsequent addition of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 μM). # vs. earlier condition.