Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics according to mean value of brachial PPI (0.428 ± 0.059) .
| Brachial PPI < 0.428, n = 126 | Brachial PPI ≥ 0.428, n = 129 | p value | Total patients, n = 255 | |
| Age (years) | 58.2 ± 12.3 | 67.9 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 | 63.1 ± 12.9 |
| Male gender (%) | 73.8 | 43.4 | < 0.001 | 58.4 |
| Smoking history (%) | 26.2 | 17.1 | 0.09 | 21.6 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 22.2 | 34.9 | 0.03 | 28.6 |
| Hypertension (%) | 66.7 | 76.7 | 0.10 | 71.8 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 15.9 | 13.2 | 0.60 | 14.5 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 7.1 | 11.6 | 0.28 | 9.4 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.4 ± 17.8 | 139.2 ± 19.4 | < 0.001 | 133.9 ± 19.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3 ± 11.4 | 73.1 ± 10.0 | < 0.001 | 76.2 ± 11.1 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 49.1 ± 8.4 | 66.1 ± 12.5 | < 0.001 | 57.7 ± 13.7 |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 95.7 ± 13.3 | 95.1 ± 12.5 | 0.72 | 95.4 ± 12.9 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 72.4 ± 12.6 | 66.1 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 | 69.2 ± 11.5 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 3.9 | 26.5 ± 3.6 | 0.64 | 26.6 ± 3.7 |
| Antihypertensive medication | ||||
| ACEIs | 20.6 | 14.7 | 0.25 | 17.6 |
| ARBs | 35.7 | 47.3 | 0.08 | 41.6 |
| β-blockers | 38.9 | 48.8 | 0.13 | 43.9 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 39.7 | 47.3 | 0.26 | 43.5 |
| Diuretics | 32.5 | 32.6 | 1.00 | 32.5 |
| α-blockers | 3.2 | 4.7 | 0.75 | 3.9 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 121.8 ± 49.6 | 116.7 ± 28.9 | 0.34 | 119.3 ± 40.6 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 144.7 ± 91.5 | 137.5 ± 83.0 | 0.54 | 141.1 ± 87.2 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.9 ± 34.1 | 190.2 ± 45.7 | 0.81 | 189.6 ± 40.3 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 41.6 ± 5.1 | 38.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | 39.9 ± 5.3 |
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 66.5 ± 19.1 | 58.3 ± 22.9 | 0.002 | 62.4 ± 21.5 |
| eGFR < 45 (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 8.7 | 24.0 | 0.001 | 16.5 |
| Renal resistive index | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 0.73 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 | 0.68 ± 0.08 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PPI, pulse pressure index.