Table 1. General representation of LV systolic mechanics in the patients with heart failure.

	No HF	With risks of HF	HFpEF	HFrEF
LVEF, %	Normal	Normal	Normal	Reduced
Longitudinal strain, %	Normal	Normal or reduced	Reduced	Reduced
Circumferential strain, %	Normal	Normal or reduced	Normal or reduced	Reduced
Twist, ° or Torsion, °/cm	Normal	Normal or augmented	Normal or reduced	Reduced

HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.