Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993-Present
| Characteristic | African Americans (n = 362) |
Native Hawaiians (n = 300) |
Latinos (n = 437) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | |
| Female | 252 | 69.6 | 191 | 63.7 | 207 | 47.4 | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| <8th grade | 3.0 | 2.7 | 31.2 | ||||||
| 8th–12th grade | 35.6 | 51.3 | 31.4 | ||||||
| Some college | 41.2 | 33.6 | 28.6 | ||||||
| College degree | 11.2 | 7.4 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Graduate school | 9.0 | 5.0 | 4.4 | ||||||
| Age at urine collection, years | 64.7 (7.5) | 61.3 (7.0) | 65.5 (6.4) | ||||||
| Body mass indexa | 27.8 (5.8) | 28.0 (5.8) | 27.1 (4.8) | ||||||
| Cigarettes per day at urine collection | 11.2 (7.3) | 15.2 (9.8) | 9.4 (7.4) | ||||||
| Total nicotine equivalents, nmol/mL | 56.1 (41.9) | 37.7 (28.0) | 41.8 (34.6) | ||||||
| Smoking duration, years | 28.2 (10.1) | 29.3 (9.1) | 29.8 (10.8) | ||||||
| Physical activityb | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | ||||||
| Caffeine intake, mg/day | 188 (160) | 250 (180) | 265 (189) | ||||||
| Ethanol intake, g/day | 16.0 (36.2) | 12.9 (38.7) | 16.8 (44.6) | ||||||
| Red meat consumption, g/day | 72.4 (60.8) | 88.8 (60.8) | 98.3 (84.3) | ||||||
| Used estrogen at urine collection (among women) | 52 | 20.6 | 28 | 14.7 | 41 | 19.8 | |||
| Ever used birth control pills (among women) | 143 | 56.7 | 114 | 59.7 | 105 | 50.7 | |||
| Proportion of ancestry, % | |||||||||
| African | 77.5 (14.1) | 1.0 (1.9) | 3.7 (2.4) | ||||||
| Amerindian | 1.0 (1.8) | 0.4 (0.9) | 39.6 (13.6) | ||||||
| European | 20.8 (13.9) | 29.8 (26.6) | 55.4 (13.9) | ||||||
| East Asian | 0.4 (0.8) | 22.0 (24.8) | 0.9 (1.8) | ||||||
| Hawaiian | 0.3 (0.4) | 46.8 (24.5) | 0.4 (0.5) | ||||||
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
a Expressed as weight (kg)/height (m)2.
b Metabolic equivalents, calculated as [(no. of hours sleeping × 0.91) + (no. of hours sitting × 1.0) + (no. of hours in light activities × 2.4) + (no. of hours in moderate activities × 4.0) + (no. of hours in vigorous activity × 7.2)]/24.