Table 2.

Predicted Differences in Metabolic Traits Per 20% Increase in Ancestries for Statistically Significant Relations (P < 0.00156) From Linear Regression With Adjustment for Lifestyle Confounding Factors in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993-Present

Trait	Basic Adjustmenta			Additional Adjustmentb
	Difference	95% CI	P Value	Difference	95% CI	P Value
African ancestry
Free cotinine, nmol/mLc	0.057	0.021, 0.094	0.0023	0.076	0.037, 0.12	1.8 × 10−4
Free cotinine among C-oxidation productsd	0.11	0.037, 0.19	0.004	0.13	0.053, 0.21	0.0012
% cotinine glucuronidatione	−7.4	−10.6, −4.1	1.3 × 10−5	−8.6	−12.1, −5.0	4.5 × 10−6
% cotinine glucuronidation among C-oxidation productsf	−2.5	−4.2, −0.9	0.003	−3.1	−4.9, −1.3	0.0011
Asian ancestry
Free cotinine, nmol/mLc	0.033	0.015, 0.052	0.0004	0.033	0.014, 0.052	8.8 × 10−4
Free cotinine among C-oxidation productsd	0.08	0.04, 0.12	1.3 × 10−4	0.080	0.034, 0.12	5.0 × 10−4

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^a Basic adjustment for age at urine collection, sex, creatinine (log transformed), total nicotine equivalents (log transformed), and self-reported numbers of cigarettes smoked per day during the last 2 weeks before urine collection.

^b Additional adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, ethanol drinking, caffeine intake, and education.

^c Differences shown are for cube root-transformed values.

^d Differences shown are for log[free cotinine/(total cotinine + total trans-3′-hydroxycotinine)].

^e Calculated as [cotinine-glucuronide/total cotinine].

^f Calculated as [cotinine-glucuronide/(total cotinine + total trans-3′-hydroxycotinine)].