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. 2016 Feb 15;13(4):2981–2990. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4891

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Copyright: © Choi et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effect of treadmill exercise on performance deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats in the Morris water maze test. Spatial memory evaluation using (A) time latency, (B) search error, (C) swimming speed, and (D) percentage of time spent in target quadrant. n=12–13/group. ^**P<0.01, ^***P<0.001 vs. SC; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01 vs. 2VO. SC, sham-surgery group; SC+EX, sham-surgery group subjected to treadmill exercise (15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks); 2VO, 2VO surgery group; 2VO+EX, 2VO-surgery group subjected to treadmill exercise (15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks).