Table 1.
Characteristics of study population by moderate anemia status
| No moderate anemia | Moderate anemia | Total | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hgb ≥ 11 g/dL | Hgb < 11 g/dL | |||
| N = 149 564 | N = 6410 | N = 155 974 | ||
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age (years) | 52.2 (15.8) | 54.3 (17.3) | 52.3 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Female sex (%) | 60.9 | 78.8 | 61.6 | <0.001 |
| Asian race (%) | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.9 | <0.001 |
| Black race (%) | 13.0 | 25.9 | 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Hispanic race (%) | 24.5 | 27.0 | 24.6 | <0.001 |
| Other (%) | 17.2 | 7.8 | 16.8 | <0.001 |
| White (%) | 38.3 | 32.2 | 38.1 | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 15.3 | 26.5 | 15.8 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.7) | 3.5 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.5 (3.0, 3.9) | 3.5 (3.0, 4.0) | 3.5 (3.0, 3.9) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.9 (1.3) | 9.9 (0.9) | 13.7 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 13.8 (12.9, 14.8) | 10.2 (9.5, 10.6) | 13.7 (12.7, 14.8) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 85.0 (23.1) | 80.2 (29.4) | 84.8 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 86.5 (69.0, 102.1) | 82.4 (53.9, 105.4) | 86.2 (68.6, 10.5) | |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | ||||
| <4.0 | 53.7% | 85.7% | 56.1% | <0.001 |
| ≥4.0 | 46.3% | 14.3% | 43.9% | |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | ||||
| <100 | 49.8% | 59.2% | 51.2% | <0.001 |
| ≥100 | 50.2% | 40.8% | 48.8% | |
| Iron saturation (%) | ||||
| <20 | 34.1 | 64.5 | 37.8 | <0.001 |
| ≥20 | 65.9 | 35.5 | 62.2 | |
Values are mean (SD) when appropriate. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2 or Fisher's exact test, continuous variables using independent samples t-test, Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney U-test, as appropriate. Higher percentages of females (78.8%), blacks (25.9%), diabetics (26.5%) and individuals with low albumin (85.7%) and low iron saturation (64.5%) were present in the moderate anemia group compared with the non-anemia group.