Table 3.
Multivariable adjusted OR for moderate anemia
| Unadjusted |
Demographics, eGFR- adjusted |
Fully adjusteda |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL)b | |||||||||
| 1.5 to <3.2 | 1.06 | 1.00–1.13 | <0.01 | — | — | — | 1.01 | 0.84–1.21 | 0.93 |
| 3.2 to <3.7 | 1.00 | Reference | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| 3.7 to <6.3 | 1.26 | 1.18–1.33 | <0.01 | — | — | — | 1.26 | 1.07–1.48 | <0.01 |
| Every 0.5 mg/dL increase | 1.14 | 1.09–1.18 | <0.01 | 1.09 | 1.05–1.13 | <0.01 | 1.16 | 1.04–1.29 | <0.01 |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 18–49 | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| 50–59 | 0.79 | 0.74–0.84 | <0.01 | 0.65 | 0.60–0.70 | <0.01 | 0.98 | 0.80–1.21 | 0.86 |
| 60–69 | 0.87 | 0.80–0.93 | <0.01 | 0.62 | 0.57–0.68 | <0.01 | 1.01 | 0.81–1.27 | 0.91 |
| ≥70 | 1.49 | 1.40–1.59 | <0.01 | 0.98 | 0.90–1.06 | <0.01 | 1.15 | 0.92–1.45 | 0.22 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | — | |
| Female | 2.39 | 2.25–2.54 | <0.01 | 2.37 | 2.23–2.52 | <0.01 | 1.76 | 1.50–2.06 | <0.01 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| Black | 2.37 | 2.22–2.53 | <0.01 | 2.14 | 2.00–2.29 | <0.01 | 1.13 | 0.94–1.36 | 0.19 |
| Hispanic | 1.31 | 1.23–1.40 | <0.01 | 1.36 | 1.27–1.46 | <0.01 | 1.11 | 0.91–1.34 | 0.31 |
| Asian/PIc | 1.23 | 1.11–1.37 | <0.01 | 1.26 | 1.13–1.40 | <0.01 | 1.53 | 1.15–2.01 | <0.01 |
| Other | 0.54 | 0.49–0.60 | <0.01 | 0.62 | 0.56–0.69 | <0.01 | 0.53 | 0.40–0.70 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 | Reference | — | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | — | |
| Yes | 2.00 | 1.89–2.12 | <0.01 | 1.87 | 1.76–1.98 | <0.01 | 1.17 | 1.00–1.37 | 0.05 |
| Ferritin (ng/ mL) | |||||||||
| <100 | 1.46 | 1.35–1.58 | <0.01 | — | — | — | 0.97 | 0.83–1.13 | 0.66 |
| ≥100 | 1.00 | Reference | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| Iron saturation (%) | |||||||||
| <20 | 3.52 | 3.26–3.80 | <0.01 | — | — | — | 2.57 | 2.23–2.98 | <0.01 |
| ≥20 | 1.00 | Reference | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| Albumin (g/dL) | |||||||||
| <4.0 | 5.18 | 4.57–5.88 | <0.01 | — | — | — | 3.21 | 2.67–3.87 | <0.01 |
| ≥4.0 | 1.00 | Reference | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | Reference | — |
| eGFRd (×10 U) | 0.92 | 0.91–0.93 | <0.01 | 0.92 | 0.90–0.93 | <0.01 | 0.94 | 0.91–0.97 | <0.01 |
In the fully adjusted model, OR was adjusted for age, sex, race, history of diabetes, ferritin, iron saturation, albumin and renal function. OR was the highest in the third phosphorus tertile and significant in females, Asians, diabetics and individuals with low iron saturation and low albumin.
aIn the fully adjusted model, ORs have been adjusted for demographics, eGFR, serum albumin, ferritin and iron saturation.
bPhosphorus tertiles were modeled separately; other covariate estimates are reported for the model with continuous phosphorus.
cAsian/PI, Asian/Pacific Islander race.
deGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2).