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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Biol. 2012 Jan 11;7(1):52–63. doi: 10.1021/cb2004059

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The many facets of protein ubiquitination. (A) The structure of Ub (PDB code 1UBQ118) showing all seven lysines (blue, with green nitrogen atom) and the N-terminal methionine (blue, with yellow sulfur atom). Also, each of the different types of Ub modifications are shown: monoUb (where a single lysine of the target is modified), multi-monoUb (where multiple lysines in the target are modified), and polyUb (where one of the eight amino groups in Ub serves as the point of attachment for a growing polymer chain). (B) The enzymatic cascade leading to Ub conjugation and removal: E1 activating, E2 conjugating, E3 ligase, and deubiquitinating (DUB) enzymes.