Table 2.
Model 1: Unadjusted |
Model 2: Adjusted |
Model 3: Overcontrolled |
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Variable | Category | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Pb |
Sleep duration (h) (reference = 7 h) | < 5 | 4.76 | 2.76–8.21 | < .001 | 2.43 | 1.21–4.86 | .013 | 1.32 | 0.56–3.09 | .527 |
5 | 1.72 | 0.93–3.16 | .082 | 1.13 | 0.44–2.89 | .802 | 0.97 | 0.33–2.81 | .950 | |
6 | 1.43 | 0.86–2.36 | .167 | 1.30 | 0.67–2.51 | .436 | 1.11 | 0.55–2.22 | .776 | |
7 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
8 | 1.69 | 1.02–2.80 | .041 | 1.03 | 0.51–2.09 | .939 | 0.92 | 0.45–1.89 | .823 | |
9 | 1.08 | 0.29–4.09 | .908 | 0.97 | 0.16–5.90 | .971 | 1.14 | 0.18–7.18 | .886 | |
> 9 | 3.32 | 1.55–7.11 | .002 | 3.49 | 1.31–9.32 | .013 | 2.81 | 0.98–8.07 | .056 | |
Overall insomnia | 1-unit increase | 1.18 | 1.13–1.24 | < .001 | 1.16 | 1.09–1.24 | < .001 | 1.11 | 1.03–1.18 | .003 |
Difficulty falling asleep (reference = never) | Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Rarely | 1.42 | 0.83–2.42 | .203 | 1.44 | 0.69–2.99 | .331 | 1.40 | 0.66–2.96 | .376 | |
Sometimes | 1.72 | 1.04–2.82 | .033 | 2.15 | 1.05–4.39 | .036 | 1.79 | 0.88–3.67 | .110 | |
Often | 3.14 | 1.91–5.16 | < .001 | 3.21 | 1.62–6.34 | .001 | 2.18 | 1.06–4.48 | .035 | |
Almost always | 5.74 | 3.48–9.45 | < .001 | 4.16 | 1.81–9.53 | .001 | 2.60 | 0.94–7.22 | .066 | |
Difficulty maintaining sleep (reference = never) | Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Rarely | 0.82 | 0.46–1.46 | .491 | 1.24 | 0.57–2.71 | .587 | 1.28 | 0.59–2.77 | .534 | |
Sometimes | 2.10 | 1.31–3.36 | .002 | 3.55 | 1.80–7.00 | < .001 | 3.02 | 1.45–6.29 | .003 | |
Often | 2.77 | 1.74–4.42 | < .001 | 3.86 | 1.92–7.79 | < .001 | 2.80 | 1.39–5.64 | .004 | |
Almost always | 3.33 | 1.99–5.56 | < .001 | 3.47 | 1.64–7.34 | .001 | 1.96 | 0.91–4.24 | .087 | |
Early morning awakenings (reference = never) | Never | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
Rarely | 1.04 | 0.61–1.78 | .876 | 0.90 | 0.46–1.76 | .747 | 0.97 | 0.50–1.90 | .931 | |
Sometimes | 1.59 | 0.99–2.54 | .053 | 1.66 | 0.89–3.09 | .110 | 1.46 | 0.73–2.95 | .288 | |
Often | 2.81 | 1.77–4.46 | < .001 | 2.12 | 1.03–4.36 | .042 | 1.98 | 0.97–4.03 | .061 | |
Almost always | 3.22 | 1.93–5.36 | < .001 | 1.99 | 1.00–3.94 | .049 | 1.32 | 0.61–2.86 | .477 |
Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 includes age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, exercise, sedentary activity, smoking, and alcohol use. Model 3 includes all model 2 variables and depressive symptoms.
Bolding indicates statistical significance.