Table 4. Risk factor analysis for complication.
| Variables | Overall complication | Severe complication | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Male gender | 1.06 (0.83-1.35) | 0.639 | 0.70 (0.31-1.58) | 0.393 |
| Body weight | 0.99 (0.98-1.00) | 0.003 | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 0.902 |
| Age | 0.779 | 0.003 | ||
| <1 month | 1.22 (0.62-2.42) | 0.564 | 3.00 (0.85-10.65) | 0.089 |
| 1 month-<12 months | 1.15 (0.72-1.85) | 0.566 | 0.61 (0.16-2.28) | 0.459 |
| 1 year-<8 years | 1.05 (0.69-1.57) | 0.833 | 0.26 (0.74-0.90) | 0.034 |
| 8 years-<15 years | 0.91 (0.57-1.44) | 0.691 | 0.33 (0.07-0.90) | 0.133 |
| 15 years-<20 years | 0.84 (0.49-1.46) | 0.544 | 0.45 (0.09-2.33) | 0.338 |
| ≥20 years | Reference | Reference | ||
| Severe CHD | 1.37 (1.07-1.75) | 0.012 | 1.30 (0.58-2.95) | 0.526 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1.17 (0.60-2.26) | 0.647 | 1.37 (0.18-10.30) | 0.760 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 0.024 | 0.001 | ||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Anti-platelet agents | 1.25 (0.90-1.73) | 0.177 | 1.05 (0.30-3.65) | 0.938 |
| Anti-coagulation | 1.83 (1.14-2.92) | 0.012 | 6.45 (2.45-16.98) | <0.001 |
| PT (INR) | 2.30 (1.54-3.44) | <0.001 | 5.99 (3.19-11.22) | <0.001 |
| aPTT (sec) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.136 | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | 0.001 |
| Ward (ICU/GW) | 1.26 (0.84-1.89) | 0.275 | 14.03 (6.19-31.83) | <0.001 |
| Sedation | 0.020 | 0.002 | ||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| IV sedation | 1.58 (1.11-2.25) | 0.011 | 1.12 (0.32-3.95) | 0.859 |
| General anesthesia | 1.84 (1.13-2.99) | 0.014 | 5.31(1.39-20.23) | 0.015 |
| Final number of cath. | 0.035 | 0.991 | ||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2 | 1.25 (0.90-1.73) | 0.190 | 1.17 (0.39-3.48) | 0.777 |
| 3 | 1.89 (1.09-3.27) | 0.023 | 1.18 (0.16-8.95) | 0.874 |
| ≥4 | 1.64 (0.94-2.86) | 0.079 | 1.12 (0.15-8.49) | 0.914 |
| Number of cath. (≥3) | 1.70 (1.14-2.52) | 0.009 | 1.12 (0.26-4.80) | 0.881 |
| Procedure year | 0.298 | 0.981 | ||
| Procedure time (min) | 1.01 (1.01-1.01) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.008-1.021) | <0.001 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.005 | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | 0.318 |
| Contrast dye (cc/kg) | 1.06 (0.97-1.15) | 0.195 | 0.72 (0.50-1.06) | 0.095 |
| Intervention | 1.17 (0.91-1.49) | 0.219 | 1.37 (0.61-3.07) | 0.446 |
| EPS | 1.36 (0.89-2.08) | 0.157 | 3.41 (1.26-9.27) | 0.016 |
OR: odds ratios, CI: confidence interval, CHD: congenital heart disease, PT: prothrombin time, INR: international normalized ratio, aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time, ICU: intensive care unit, GW: general ward, IV: intravenous, Cath.: cardiac catheterization, EPS: electrophysiological study