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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2015 Mar 16;19:23–32. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.012

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A. Unstained TEM images of silicified (SCS, upper left panel), calcified (CCS, upper right panel) and biphasic mineralized (lower panels BSC) collagen scaffolds (bar = 200 nm). BCS-early stage (4 days): During the initial stage of biphasic mineralization, growth of apatite crystallites (arrow) within the collagen fibrils partially masked the cross banding appearance (pointer) of silicified collagen. BCS-late stage (7 days): Most of the remaining intrafibrillar spaces previously not occupied by intrafibrillar silica were filled with apatite crystallites. Inset: selected area electron diffraction showing diffraction patterns that are characteristic of apatite. B. Cumulative release profiles of silicic acid from SCS and BCS, and calcium ions from CCS and BCS over one week. C. Proliferation and viability of mMSCs after exposure to different collagen scaffolds as determined using DNA content assay and MTT assay. Mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activities were normalized against the results obtained from the unmineralised collagen scaffolds (CS; control), which were taken to be 100%.