Fig. 4.

Cryoablation of breast cancer. a The PET-CT image shows a 2-cm FDG-avid lesion (arrow) in the left breast, proven to be invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient also has a 3-cm lytic metastasis in the right distal femur (not shown). b Under local anaesthesia and US guidance, cryoablation of the breast mass is performed using three cryoneedles. c Two months later, the follow-up PET-CT shows complete metabolic response in the lesion (arrow). The ablation area was then percutaneously removed with vacuum biopsy, which revealed fibrosis and fat necrosis