Table 4.

Summary of studies reporting gross trunnion failure

References	Number of hip implants	Implant description	Results/findings
Banerjee et al. [2]	5	Five different stem designs	Trunnions exhibited either a fracture or gross loss of material volume upon revision
Hohman et al. [34]	1	First-generation proximally coated titanium cementless stem	Damaged liner insert, an intact femoral head, diffuse metallic debris, and excessive wear of the trunnion
Pansard et al. [35]	1	12-mm/14-mm trunnion	Abnormal mobility between the femoral head and the trunnion, with severe damage at the taper. Macroscopic pitting and wear
Botti et al. [36]	1	Modular locking femoral prosthesis	Trunnion fracture. Pitting and crevice corrosion on fracture surface. Black metallic debris on proximal femoral stem