Fig. 2.

Flow diagram of treatment choice and clinical course of patients with Cronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) *1 of 23 patients without steroid treatment, eight patients were treated with nutritional therapy and 15 patients underwent surgical/endoscopic treatment alone. *2 among 30 patients who failed to respond to corticosteroid treatment, seven patients showing progressive disease required intensive therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (n = 4), octreotide (n = 1), anti-TNF-α agents (n = 1), and colectomy (n = 1). With the exception of one patient treated with a calcineurin inhibitor who failed to respond, the others attained endoscopic response