Table 3.
Results of univariate and multiple linear regression analyses for cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior in children with cancer
| Physical activity (activity counts per minute) | Sedentary behavior (min sedentary) | Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak; ml/kg/min) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate regression | Multiple regression model 1 |
Univariate regression | Multiple regression model 2 |
Univariate regression | Multiple regression model 3 | |
| Independent variables | B (95 % CI) | B (95 % CI) | B (95 % CI) | B (95 % CI) | B (95 % CI) | B (95 % CI) |
| Age (years) Sexa (0/1) Muscle strength * Upper body strength * Lower body strength Percentage of fat mass Lean body mass Cancerb (0/1) Treatmentc (0/1) Amputationd (0/1) VCR used (0/1) Glucocorticoid used (0/1) During/after cancer treatmente (0/1) Sports part before DXf (0/1) Fatigueg Depressive symptoms Athletic competence R2 (SEE) |
−15.4 (−23.6 to −7.2)*** −43.5 (−99.7 to 12.8) 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) −0.0 (−0.2 to 0.1) −5.4 (−9.0 to −1.7)** −0.0 (−0.0 to 0.0) −18.6 (−77.7 to 40.5) −15.9 (−73.9 to 42.1) −34.6 (−122.2 to 53.0) −38.2 (−95.4 to 19.0) 3.6 (−53.0 to 60.2) 63.9 (3.4 to 124.3)* 27.2 (−41.8 to 96.1) 2.6 (1.5 to 3.7)*** −6.2 (−11.9 to −0.5)* 0.9 (−0.1 to 1.8) |
−11.9 (−19.8 to −4.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 0.387 (85.0) 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 1.8 (0.7 to 2.9)** 0.387 (85.0) 0.387 (85.0) 0.387 (85.0) |
14.6 (7.8 to 21.5)*** 28.4 (−20.5 to 77.2) 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.2) 4.9 (1.8 to 7.9)** 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0)* 10.4 (−40.6 to 61.4) 3.4 (−46.7 to 53.5) 25.9 (−49.7 to 101.5) 35.0 (−14.8 to 84.8) 6.7 (−42.0 to 55.4) −47.9 (−100.4 to 4.7) −14.5 (−74.5 to 45.5) −2.1 (−3.1 to −1.1)*** 5.8 (0.9 to 10.7)* −0.6 (−1.4 to 0.2) |
10.0 (3.5 to 16.5)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** −1.2 (−2.2 to −0.2)* 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 3.7 (1.1 to 6.3)** 0.430 (71.0) |
−0.1 (−0.9 to 0.6) −4.0 (−8.7 to 0.8) 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 0.0 (−0.0 to 0.0) 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) −0.8 (−1.0 to −0.5)*** 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) −3.6 (−8.5 to 1.3) −3.1 (−8.0 to 1.8) −3.3 (−10.7 to 4.1) −4.7 (−9.7 to 0.2) 1.1 (−3.7 to 6.0) 7.4 (2.4 to 12.3)** 1.5 (−4.2 to 7.2) 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)*** −0.8 (−1.3 to −0.4)** 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2)*** |
−0.5 (−0.7 to −0.2)*** 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* −0.5 (−0.7 to −0.2)*** 68.0 (18.1 to 118.0)** 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3)*** 3.9 (0.3 to 7.5)* 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1)* 0.648 (5.7) |
| Physical activity Sedentary behavior Cardiorespiratory fitness |
------------ −0.99 (−1.1 to −0.8)*** 6.99 (4.4 to 9.6)*** |
−0.73 (−0.9 to −0.6)*** ------------ −5.87 (−8.0 to −3.7)*** |
0.05 (0.0 to 0.1)*** −0.06 (−0.1 to −0.0)*** ------------ |
|||
a0: boys; a1: girls; b0; hematological malignancy b1: solid tumor; c0: chemotherapy c1: chemotherapy in combination with one or more other treatment modalities; d0: no; d1: yes; e0: during treatment; e1: after treatment; f0: no sport before diagnosis; f1: did sport before cancer diagnosis; g higher scores indicate less fatigue
Model 1: factors before backward selection: (1) age, (2) percentage of fat mass, (3) lean body mass, (4) being during/after cancer treatment, (5) fatigue, and (6) depressive symptoms
Model 2: factors before backward selection: (1) age, (2) percentage of fat mass, (3) lean body mass, (4) being during/after cancer treatment, (5) fatigue, and (6) depressive symptoms
Model 3: factors before backward selection: (1) lower body muscle strength, (2) percentage of fat mass, (3) being during/after cancer treatment, (4) fatigue, (5) depressive symptoms, and (6) athletic competence
CI confidence interval, B regression coefficient, VCR vincristine, DX diagnosis, R 2 r-squared, SEE standard error of the mean
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001