Table 1. Characteristics of previous studies for the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
| Studies | Population | Sample size | Mean follow-up years | BMI category | HR (95% CI) | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costanzo et al., 2015 (16) | National Health Service, England | 10,568 | 10.6 | <18.5 18.5–24.9 25–29.9 30–34.9 >35 |
2.84 (1.97–4.10) Reference 0.87 (0.79–0.95) 0.97 (0.87–1.07) 1.04 (0.92–1.19) |
9 |
| Tobias et al., 2014 (7) | Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study | 2,457 | 15.8 | 18.5–22.4 22.5–24.9 25.0–27.4 27.5–29.9 30.0–34.9 ≥35.0 |
1.29 (1.05–1.59) Reference 1.12 (0.98–1.29) 1.09 (0.94–1.26) 1.24 (1.08–1.42) 1.33 (1.14–1.55) |
7 |
| Zhao et al., 2014 (10) | Louisiana State University Hospital Based Longitudinal Study (LSUHLS) | 34,832 | 8.7 | 18.5–22.9 23–24.9 25–29.9 30–34.9 35–39.9 ≥40 |
Black 2.18 (1.84–2.59) 2.02 (1.69–2.41) 1.35 (1.18–1.55) Reference 1.17 (0.99–1.37) 1.35 (1.15–1.58) |
8 |
| White 1.77 (1.47–2.14) 1.31 (1.09–1.58) 1.10 (0.97–1.24) Reference 1.01 (0.88–1.17) 1.19 (1.03–1.37) | ||||||
| Lajous et al., 2014 (18) | E3N-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study |
2,421 | 16.7 | 18.5–22.4 22.5–24.9 25.0–27.4 27.5–29.9 ≥30 |
0.95 (0.31–2.94) Reference 0.64 (0.23–1.79) 0.64 (0.19–2.12) 0.55 (0.18–1.73) |
8 |
| Jackson et al., 2014 (17) | National Health Interview Survey |
74,710 | 9 | 15.02–22.83 22.84–25.09 25.1–27.46 27.47–31.02 31.03–54.92 |
1.09 (0.52–2.27) Reference 0.6 (0.33–1.20) 0.58 (0.33–1.01) 0.52 (0.31–0.86) |
9 |
| Tseng, 2013 (6) | National Death Certificate Database | 89,056 | 12 | <18.5 18.5–22.9 23.0–24.9 25.0–29.9 >30.0 |
1.702 (1.610–1.799) Reference 0.759 (0.736–0.784) 0.683 (0.662–0.704) 0.720 (0.682–0.761) |
9 |
| Logue et al., 2013 (19) | the Privacy Advisory Committee of National Health Service National Services Scotland | 106,640 | 4.7 | 20–25 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45 45–50 |
Men 1.22 (1.13–1.32) Reference 0.97 (0.91–1.04) 1.14 (1.03–1.27) 1.34 (1.12–1.61) 1.70 (1.24–2.34) |
9 |
| Women 1.32 (1.22–1.44) Reference 1.04 (0.96–1.12) 1.10 (0.99–1.21) 1.34 (1.17–1.55) 1.81 (1.46–2.24) | ||||||
| Carnethon et al., 2012 (20) | ARIC study, CHS, CARDIA study, FOS and MESA study | 2,625 | 10.3 | 18.5–24.9 25–29.9/>30 |
2.01 (1.44–2.81) Reference |
8 |
| McEwen et al., 2012 (21) | TRIAD study | 8,334 | 8 | <25 25–30 30–35 >35 |
1.13 (0.95–1.36) Reference 1.06 (0.90–1.24) 1.00 (0.84–1.20) |
8 |
| Lyerly et al., 2009 (22) | ACLS study | 3,044 | 16 | 18.5–24.9 25–29.9 >30 |
Reference 0.91 (0.61–1.36) 1.32 (0.30–2.18) |
8 |
| Khalangot et al., 2009 (23) | System of diabetes mellitus care in Ukraine | 89,443 | 2.7 | <23.0 23.0–24.9 25.0–29.9 30.0–34.9 >35.0 |
Men 1.54 (1.38–1.72) 1.09 (0.98–1.21) Reference 0.94 (0.83–1.06) 1.39 (1.13–1.71) |
9 |
| Women 1.35 (1.22–1.49) 0.99 (0.89–1.09) Reference 0.97 (0.89–1.05) 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | ||||||
| Mulnier et al., 2006 (24) | General Practice Research Database (GPRD) | 28,725 | 7 | 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–54 |
1.38 (1.18–1.61) Reference 0.97 (0.91–1.03) 1.13 (1.04–1.22) 1.43 (1.28–1.59) |
9 |
| Zoppini et al., 2003 (25) | Verona, Italy | 3,398 | 10 | <30.9 ≥30.9 |
Reference 0.74 (0.62–0.90) |
8 |
| Ross et al., 1997 (8) | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | 373 | 14 | Women <21.2 21.2–27.3 27.3–32.2 >32.2 |
1.61 (1.00–2.62) Reference 1.87 (1.28–2.73) 1.50 (0.86–2.62) |
8 |
| Men <22.7 22.7–27.8 27.8–31.0 >31.0 | ||||||
| Chaturvedi et al., 1995 (9) | The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes | 2,960 | 13 | Europeans <26 26–29 >29 |
Men Europeans |
8 |
| Native Americans <29 29–34 >34 |
Reference 0.99 (0.68–1.45) 1.14 (0.77–1.67) |
|||||
| East Asians <22 22–25 >25 |
Native Americans Reference 0.75 (0.45–1.26) 1.22 (0.73–2.03) |
|||||
| East Asians Reference 0.61 (0.24–1.57) 0.30 (0.08–1.10) |
||||||
| Women Europeans | ||||||
| Reference 1.85 (1.08–3.17) 1.63 (0.99–2.67) | ||||||
| Native Americans Reference 1.32 (0.82–2.14) 1.34 (0.80–2.24) | ||||||
| East Asians Reference 1.89 (0.80–4.45) 0.56 (0.22–1.42) | ||||||
| Ford et al.,1991 (26) | Paris, France | 602 | 10 | Women <27.3 27.3–32.3 >32.3 |
Reference 1.03 (0.74–1.42) 1.20 (0.82–1.75) |
8 |
| Men <27.8 27.8–31.1 >31.1 |
BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; FOS, Framingham Offspring Study; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; TRIAD, Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes Study; ACLS, The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.