Table 2.
The univariable associations between two main exposures and all other covariates from Wave 2 and loneliness in Waves 2–6.
| Loneliness – Wave 6 (2012) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 2 (2004) | OR (95%Ci) | p-value | ||
| Stereotypes towards loneliness1 | Pooled | Agree | 2.69 (2.08–3.47) | <0.001 |
| Males | Agree | 2.26 (1.51–3.36) | <0.001 | |
| Females | Agree | 2.94 (2.11–4.10) | <0.001 | |
| Expectation of loneliness1 | Pooled | Agree | 3.00 (2.36–3.82) | <0.001 |
| Males | Agree | 2.51 (1.75–3.62) | <0.001 | |
| Females | Agree | 3.47 (2.53–4.75) | <0.001 | |
| Age | 1 year increase | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001 | |
| Gender1 | Female | 1.89 (1.49–2.39) | <0.001 | |
| Social status | Managerial/professional | 1 | ||
| Intermediate | 1.50 (1.11–2.03) | 0.008 | ||
| Routine/manual | 2.28 (1.74–2.98) | <0.001 | ||
| P for trend | <0.001 | |||
| Employment status1 | Employed | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 0.007 | |
| Education | Degree/higher | 1 | ||
| Intermediate | 1.33 (0.95–1.86) | 0.10 | ||
| No qualification | 2.55 (1.77–3.67) | <0.001 | ||
| P for trend | <0.001 | |||
| Marital status1 | Married/partnered | 0.36 (0.28–0.47) | <0.001 | |
| Self-rated health1 | Fair/poor | 3.39 (2.57–4.47) | <0.001 | |
| Depression1 | Yes | 5.30 (3.91–7.17) | <0.001 | |
| Self-perceived age | Feel younger | 1 | ||
| Feel the same age | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.39 | ||
| Feel older | 2.84 (1.82–4.43) | <0.001 | ||
| P for trend | 0.002 | |||
| Social connection1 | Yes | 0.47 (0.25–0.90) | 0.02 | |
| Social inclusion1 | Yes | 0.62 (0.47–0.82) | 0.001 | |
| Household size | Per 1 person increase | 0.70 (0.60–0.81) | <0.001 | |
| Household income | 1st Q (lowest) | 1 | ||
| 2nd Q | 1.02 (0.69–1.52) | 0.92 | ||
| 3rd Q | 0.78 (0.54–1.15) | 0.21 | ||
| 4th Q | 0.49 (0.33–0.72) | <0.001 | ||
| 5th Q (highest) | 0.29 (0.20–0.43) | <0.001 | ||
| P for trend | <0.001 | |||
1 Reference category for binary variables not reported in the table.