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. 2016 Mar 24;17:31. doi: 10.1186/s12931-016-0338-3

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© Lai et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Collagen deposition in small airways from non-smokers, smokers without COPD and smokers with COPD. Photomicrographs of blue staining showing collagen expression around the small airway walls from non-smokers (a), smokers without COPD (b), and smokers with COPD (c) (all images are × 400 magnification); Measurement of collagen deposition in small airways. Smokers with COPD showed increased collagen deposition compared to both the non-smokers, smokers without COPD (d); Collagen deposition was positively correlated with serum YKL-40 levels (r = 0.57; p < 0.001) (e). Horizontal bars represent median values