TABLE 1.
Demographic, Neurocognitive, Psychiatric, and HIV Disease Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Acute and Early HIV Group (n = 34) | HIV-Negative Group (n = 39) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years; mean [SD]) | 32.7 (10.0) | 35.5 (12.7) | 0.557 |
| Education (years; mean [SD]) | 13.5 (2.1) | 14.2 (1.7) | 0.162 |
| Estimated verbal IQ (WRAT-IV1 reading; mean [SD]) | 103.8 (14.4) | 102.4 (10.6) | 0.324 |
| Sex (% men) | 97.1 | 74.4 | 0.007 |
| Ethnicity (% white) | 55.9 | 59.0 | 0.790 |
| Neuropsychological and functional variables | |||
| Neurocognitively normal (%) | 62.5 | 79 | NA |
| Subsyndromic neurocognitive impairment† (%) | 34.4 | 21 | NA |
| Syndromic neurocognitive impairment‡ (%) | 3.1 | 0 | NA |
| Total real-world functional impairment* | 1.67 (0.15) | 0.53 (0.60) | < 0.001 |
| Psychiatric disorders (lifetime) | |||
| Any mood disorder (%) | 61.8 | 15.4 | < 0.001 |
| Major depressive disorder (%) | 47.1 | 12.8 | 0.001 |
| Bipolar disorder (%) | 17.6 | 2.6 | 0.029 |
| Substance use disorders | |||
| Current dependence | |||
| Alcohol (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Non-alcohol (%) | |||
| Cannabis (%) | 2.94 | 0 | 0.281 |
| Cocaine (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Methamphetamine (%) | 2.94 | 0 | 0.281 |
| Opiates (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Current abuse | |||
| Alcohol (%) | 2.94 | 2.56 | 0.922 |
| Non-alcohol (%) | 5.88 | 0 | 0.125 |
| Cannabis (%) | 5.88 | 0 | 0.125 |
| Cocaine (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Methamphetamine (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Opiates (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Lifetime dependence | |||
| Alcohol (%) | 35.29 | 5.13 | < 0.01 |
| Non-alcohol (%) | 50.0 | 5.13 | < 0.001 |
| Cannabis (%) | 23.53 | 5.13 | 0.022 |
| Cocaine (%) | 8.82 | 0 | 0.060 |
| Methamphetamine (%) | 50 | 0 | < 0.0001 |
| Opiates (%) | 2.94 | 0 | 0.281 |
| Lifetime abuse | |||
| Alcohol (%) | 20.59 | 25.64 | 0.610 |
| Non-alcohol (%) | |||
| Cannabis (%) | 17.65 | 17.95 | 0.973 |
| Cocaine (%) | 14.71 | 0 | 0.0131 |
| Methamphetamine (%) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Opiates (%) | 5.88 | 2.56 | 0.476 |
| HIV disease characteristics | |||
| Estimated duration of infection (months)* | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.5) | NA | NA |
| Nadir CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL)* | 510 (367 to 710) | NA | NA |
| Current CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL)* | 717 (489 to 868) | NA | NA |
| Plasma HIV RNA (log10 copies/mL)* | 3.9 (2.6 to 4.8) | NA | NA |
| Antiretroviral therapy prescribed (%) | 32.4 | NA | NA |
*
Data shown as median (interquartile range).
†
Corresponds to asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment in HIV-positive participants.
‡
Corresponds to mild neurocognitive impairment in HIV-positive participants.
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus. IQ = intelligence quotient. WRAT-IV = Wide Range Achievement Test–Fourth Edition. NA = not applicable.