Table 1. Results of repeated generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM) on the learning performance of B. terrestris workers chronically exposed to pesticide clothianidin and ingested parasite N. ceranae spores.

Effect	F	d.f. (n, d)	P
Corrected model	59.41	3,869	<0.001
Pesticide	0.46	1,869	0.50
Parasite	0.55	1,869	0.46
Trial number	178.14	1,869	<0.001

Note:

Restricted maximum-likelihood procedure was used in the estimation. Random factor nest, estimate ± residual: 0.28 ± 0.21, z = 1.30, P = 0.19. Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 3666.30, repeated covariance type: compound symmetry. Interaction between pesticide and parasite was non-significant (F(1,867) = 0.20, P = 0.66) and was removed during model selection.