Table 2.

Effect of AP1 on the oxidative stress markers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ^a p value < 0.05, compared to the control group. ^aaa p value < 0.001, compared to the control group. ^∗ p value < 0.05, ^∗∗ p value < 0.005, and ^∗∗∗ p value < 0.001, compared to the VPA-treated group that received the vehicle.

Treatment	Cerebellum
	CAT (units/mg protein)	SOD (units/mg protein)	GSH-Px (units/mg protein)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)
Control	0.53 ± 0.03	6.78 ± 0.36	15.39 ± 1.42	0.01 ± 0.02
VPA alone	0.28 ± 0.01aaa	2.49 ± 0.27aaa	8.42 ± 1.01a	0.07 ± 0.01aaa
VPA + vehicle	0.30 ± 0.03aaa	2.46 ± 0.32aaa	8.60 ± 1.50a	0.07 ± 0.01aaa
VPA + AP1 50 mg·kg−1 BW	0.32 ± 0.02	3.67 ± 0.57∗∗	10.29 ± 2.93	0.04 ± 0.01∗
VPA + AP1 100 mg·kg−1 BW	0.50 ± 0.04∗∗∗	6.65 ± 0.49∗∗	14.91 ± 2.06∗	0.02 ± 0.01∗∗
VPA + AP1 200 mg·kg−1 BW	0.46 ± 0.02∗∗	8.50 ± 1.8∗∗∗	15.82 ± 1.37∗	0.01 ± 0.00∗∗∗