Table 2.

Summarizes the hypothetical aim of therapy and the used heart failure drugs

1. Heart rate control in order to improve the ratio of (myocardial) oxygen consumption to demand and prolong the time for diastolic ventricular filling (ß1-specific ß-blocker)

2. Diminishing apoptosis and myocytes necrosis (ß1-specific ß-blocker)

3. Diminishing interstitial fibrosis by blocking sympathetic- and RAA-S (three first-line drugs)

4. Reduction of cardiac afterload together with preservation of the coronary perfusion pressure by adequate (preload) intravascular, in particular, arterial vascular filling (avoidance of diuretics, effectively dosed ACE-I + ß1-specific blocker, preserving the beta 2 receptor function)

5. Basis for additional strategies to re-establish ventricular synchrony and re-establish VVI as prerequisite for cardiac regeneration (all three first-line drugs)

6. Low risk-benefit ratio and high parental compliance by daily single-dose therapy together with easy dosing of 0.1–0.2 (0.3) mg/kg × day for both bisoprolol and lisinopril and once application of spironolactone 1–2 mg/kg × day, respectively