Table 2.
Baseline levels of biomarkers of hyperglycemia by diabetes status and race
| Median (25th, 75th percentile) | Median (25th, 75th percentile) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Among people without diagnosed diabetes | White (n = 8,096) | Black (n = 2,277) | |
| FG, mg/dL | 101 (95, 108) | 104 (97, 113) | <0.001 |
| FG <100 mg/dL | 94 (90, 97) | 94 (90, 97) | 0.189 |
| FG 100–125 mg/dL | 106 (102, 111) | 108 (103, 114) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥126 mg/dL | 136 (129, 151) | 138 (131, 154) | 0.150 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.4 (5.1, 5.6) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.0) | <0.001 |
| FG <100 mg/dL | 5.3 (5.1, 5.4) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.7) | <0.001 |
| FG 100–125 mg/dL | 5.4 (5.2, 5.7) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.0) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥126 mg/dL | 6.2 (5.8, 6.8) | 6.6 (6.2, 7.2) | <0.001 |
| Fructosamine, μmol/L | 225 (214, 237) | 234 (220, 250) | <0.001 |
| FG <100 mg/dL | 224 (212, 234) | 230 (217, 242) | <0.001 |
| FG 100–125 mg/dL | 226 (214, 237) | 234 (220, 249) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥126 mg/dL | 247 (229, 268) | 260 (236, 285) | <0.001 |
| Glycated albumin, % | 12.5 (11.7, 13.3) | 13.3 (12.4, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| FG <100 mg/dL | 12.4 (11.7, 13.2) | 13.1 (12.3, 13.9) | <0.001 |
| FG 100–125 mg/dL | 12.4 (11.7, 13.2) | 13.3 (12.4, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥126 mg/dL | 14.1 (12.8, 15.8) | 15.2 (13.6, 17.3) | <0.001 |
| 1,5-AG, μg/mL | 18.9 (15.3, 22.5) | 17.3 (13.9, 21.0) | <0.001 |
| FG <100 mg/dL | 18.6 (15.2, 22.1) | 17.3 (14.2, 21.1) | <0.001 |
| FG 100–125 mg/dL | 19.4 (15.8, 22.9) | 17.8 (14.3, 21.2) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥126 mg/dL | 15.5 (10.0, 20.4) | 14.6 (8.2, 18.7) | 0.055 |
| Among people with diagnosed diabetes | White (n = 425) | Black (n = 302) | |
| FG, mg/dL | 158 (122, 216) | 194 (136, 271) | <0.001 |
| FG <149 mg/dL | 117 (103, 133) | 120 (103, 135) | 0.517 |
| FG ≥149 mg/dL | 209 (176, 256) | 245 (191, 296) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.1 (5.9, 8.6) | 8.4 (6.7, 10.6) | <0.001 |
| FG <149 mg/dL | 5.8 (5.4, 6.5) | 6.4 (5.9, 7.1) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥149 mg/dL | 8.4 (7.4, 9.8) | 9.7 (8.0, 11.4) | <0.001 |
| Fructosamine, μmol/L | 280 (241, 358) | 331 (267, 423) | <0.001 |
| FG <149 mg/dL | 240 (221, 260) | 254 (237, 281) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥149 mg/dL | 341 (290, 404) | 378 (316, 465) | <0.001 |
| Glycated albumin, % | 16.6 (13.3, 22.4) | 21.7 (16.0, 29.0) | <0.001 |
| FG <149 mg/dL | 13.1 (12.1, 14.9) | 15.0 (13.4, 16.4) | <0.001 |
| FG ≥149 mg/dL | 21.1 (17.4, 27.1) | 25.0 (21.1, 32.7) | <0.001 |
| 1,5-AG, μg/mL | 7.7 (2.4, 15.4) | 4.0 (1.5, 12.1) | <0.001 |
| FG <149 mg/dL | 15.1 (10.2, 20.1) | 13.3 (9.5, 17.3) | 0.040 |
| FG ≥149 mg/dL | 2.8 (1.4, 7.1) | 2.1 (1.2, 5.3) | 0.065 |
Among people without diagnosed diabetes, there were 3,573 whites and 772 blacks with FG <100 mg/dL; 4,133 whites and 1,266 blacks with FG 100–125 mg/dL; and 390 whites and 239 blacks with FG ≥126 mg/dL. Among people with diagnosed diabetes, there were 193 whites and 95 blacks with FG <149 mg/dL and 232 whites and 207 blacks with FG ≥149 mg/dL. FG, fasting glucose.
*P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann-Whitney U) test.