Fig. 6.

Effects of a multi-mineral-rich, red marine algae extract on proliferation and differentiation in Ca²⁺-responsive and non-responsive CBS cells. Upper-left panel: Cells were treated with the mineral-rich extract or with Ca²⁺ alone (calcium chloride) and cell numbers were determined after 2 days of incubation. Upper-right panel: Morphology: Cells were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Lower-left panel: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy - E-cadherin. Lower-right panel: Western blot for E-cadherin. Parent cells demonstrated reduced growth and differentiation in response to either treatment. The Ca²⁺-non-responsive cells demonstrated growth reduction and differentiation in response to the multi-mineral product, but did not respond to Ca²⁺ alone (see Aslam 2009 for details).