TABLE 2.
Histologic features and their associations with patient's outcomes
| A. Overall survival in all stages | B. Risk of recurrence in stage I | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | N | (%) | 5-year OS† |
p | Variables | N | (%) | 5-year CIR‡ |
p |
| Tumor differentiation | 0.98* | Tumor differentiation | 0.60 | ||||||
| Well | 56 | (12) | 58% | Well | 34 | (12) | 27% | ||
| Moderately | 196 | (40) | 58% | Moderately | 120 | (43) | 21% | ||
| Poorly | 233 | (48) | 60% | Poorly | 127 | (45) | 21% | ||
| Keratinization | 0.97* | Keratinization | 0.19 | ||||||
| Non-keratinizing | 363 | (75) | 59% | Non-keratinizing | 211 | (75) | 22% | ||
| Keratinizing | 122 | (25) | 58% | Keratinizing | 70 | (25) | 32% | ||
| Basaloid pattern | 0.071* | Basaloid pattern | 0.73 | ||||||
| Non-basaloid | 452 | (93) | 58% | Non-basaloid | 257 | (91) | 22% | ||
| Basaloid | 33 | (7) | 69% | Basaloid | 24 | (9) | 17% | ||
| Clear cell feature | 0.23* | Clear cell feature | 0.73 | ||||||
| Absence | 424 | (87) | 58% | Absence | 253 | (90) | 22% | ||
| Presence | 61 | (13) | 63% | Presence | 28 | (10) | 20% | ||
| Tumor budding (max) | <0.001* | Tumor budding (max) | 0.75 | ||||||
| Low (<10/1 HPF) | 409 | (84) | 62% | Low (<10/1 HPF) | 252 | (90) | 22% | ||
| High (≥10/1 HPF) | 76 | (16) | 39% | High (≥10/1 HPF) | 29 | (10) | 22% | ||
| Tumor budding (total) | 0.007* | Tumor budding (total) | 0.12 | ||||||
| Low (<8/10 HPFs) | 304 | (63) | 67% | Low (<8/10 HPFs) | 206 | (73) | 22% | ||
| High (≥ 8/10 HPFs) | 181 | (37) | 46% | High (≥ 8/10 HPFs) | 75 | (27) | 31% | ||
| Single cell inv. (entire) | 0.002* | Single cell inv. (entire) | 0.84 | ||||||
| Absent | 288 | (59) | 67% | Absent | 190 | (68) | 21% | ||
| Present | 197 | (41) | 47% | Present | 91 | (32) | 23% | ||
| Single cell inv. (edge) | 0.001* | Single cell inv. (edge) | 0.95 | ||||||
| Absent | 351 | (72) | 65% | Absent | 226 | (80) | 22% | ||
| Present | 134 | (28) | 42% | Present | 55 | (20) | 21% | ||
| Pleural inv. | 0.002* | Pleural inv. | 0.13 | ||||||
| Absent (PL0) | 405 | (84) | 62% | Absent (PL0) | 254 | (90) | 20% | ||
| Present (PL1–3) | 80 | (16) | 42% | Present (PL1–3) | 27 | (10) | 35% | ||
| Lymphovascular inv. | 0.031* | Lymphovascular inv. | 0.041 | ||||||
| Absent | 153 | (32) | 71% | Absent | 134 | (48) | 17% | ||
| Present | 332 | (68) | 53% | Present | 147 | (52) | 26% | ||
| Necrosis | 0.72* | Necrosis | 0.65 | ||||||
| Absent | 190 | (39) | 63% | Absent | 120 | (43) | 21% | ||
| Present | 295 | (61) | 56% | Present | 161 | (57) | 23% | ||
| Fibrosis | 0.85* | Fibrosis | 0.019 | ||||||
| Mild | 403 | (83) | 60% | Mild | 244 | (87) | 24% | ||
| Severe | 82 | (17) | 53% | Severe | 37 | (13) | 8% | ||
*
P-values stratified by pathologic stage. Significant P-values are shown in bold.
†
OS, overall survival represents percentage of patients who did not die.
‡
CIR, cumulative incidence of recurrence represents percentage of patients who had a recurrence.
HPF, high-power field