TABLE 4.

Multivariate analysis of overall survival in all stages (n=485)

A. Model for tumor budding (maximum /1 HPF)		HR	95% CI	p
Age	> 65 vs. ≤ 65	1.72	1.26–2.36	<0.001
Sex	male vs. female	1.24	0.96–1.59	0.096
Smoking pack-year	>90 vs. ≤90	1.25	0.92–1.70	0.15
Surgery	lobectomy vs. limited resection	1.30	0.93–1.80	0.12
Pathological stage	II vs. I	1.38	1.02–1.87	0.037
	III vs. I	2.18	1.51–3.15	<0.001
Lymphovascular inv.	present vs. absent	1.25	0.92–1.70	0.15
Tumor budding (maximum)	high (≥10/HPF) vs. low (<10/HPF)	1.04	1.01–1.07	0.014
Nuclear diameter	large vs. small	1.33	1.03–1.70	0.028
B. Model for single cell invasion (entire tumor)		HR	95% CI	p
Age	> 65 vs. ≤ 65	1.89	1.37–2.59	<0.001
Sex	male vs. female	1.22	0.95–1.57	0.11
Smoking pack-year	>90 vs. ≤90	1.26	0.93–1.70	0.14
Surgery	lobectomy vs. limited resection	1.35	0.97–1.88	0.074
Pathological stage	II vs. I	1.43	1.05–1.93	0.021
	III vs. I	2.20	1.52–3.18	<0.001
Lymphovascular inv.	present vs. absent	1.21	0.89–1.64	0.23
Single cell inv. (entire tumor)	present vs. absent	1.47	1.14–1.88	0.003
Nuclear diameter	large vs. small	1.30	1.01–1.68	0.039

Significant P-values are shown in bold.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HPF, high-power field