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. 2016 Mar 24;11(3):e0152055. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152055

Fig 2. PAR4 activation elicits HMGB1 release in vitro and in vivo.

Fig 2

Western blotting determined HMGB1 levels in culture media collected from human immortalized urothelial cultures (UROtsa) exposed to PAR4-AP for 2 hours (A; representative blot), and in intravesical fluid collected from mice receiving intravesical PAR4-AP for 1 hour (B). Densitometry revealed significantly more HMGB1 release from bladders receiving intravesical PAR4-AP than those receiving control peptide (C; ** p = 0.011; Wilcoxon rank test). Caspase-3 immunostaining (arrows) revealed few labeled nuclei in each treatment group (D).