Table 2.
Means, standard deviations and group comparisons for the three locus of control measures: Internal, Chance and Powerful Others (N = 204).
Grouping variable | Internal | Chance | Powerful Others |
---|---|---|---|
Race/Ethnicity | |||
Caucasian (W) | 25.8 (3.0) | 18.7 (4.8) | 15.7 (3.8) |
African American (AA) | 25.0 (3.4) | 18.5 (5.3) | 17.3 (4.2) |
Hispanic (H) | 24.4 (5.1) | 17.6 (6.2) | 19.6 (5.8) |
Group comparison (ANOVA F test) | p = .08 | p = .5 | p < .0001 |
Significant post-hoc comparisons | N/A | N/A | W<H; AA<H |
Smoking Status | |||
Nonsmoker/nonexposed (NS/NE) | 25.6 (4.2) | 17.4 (5.1) | 17.1 (4.6) |
Nonsmoker/passive exposed (NS/PE) | 24.9 (3.4) | 18.1 (4.8) | 17.1 (4.9) |
Smoker (S) | 25.4 (2.9) | 20.4 (5.5) | 16.3 (3.9) |
Group comparison (ANOVA F test) | p = .5 | p = .004 | p = .6 |
Significant post-hoc comparisons | N/A | NS/NE<S; NE/PE<S | N/A |
Preterm Birth Status | |||
Yes | 25.3 (2.9) | 19.5 (6.0) | 15.4 (3.8) |
No | 25.4 (3.8) | 18.1 (5.0) | 17.2 (4.6) |
Group comparison (t test) | p = .9 | p = .1 | p = .03 |
p = p-value