Table 2.

Selected examples of TDTB models

Model/framework	Primary focus	Translational phases included
Greenwald and Cullen [19]	Five-stage model to guide cancer control research	Includes all phases from hypothesis development (Phase I) through D&I (Phase V) research
Flay [20]	Eight-phase framework for development of health promotion programs	Includes all phases from basic research (Phase I) through demonstration studies (Phase VIII)
Rounsaville et al. [15]; Onken et al. [16] Stage Model	Three-stage model, updated in 2014 to include six stages, with a focus on developing psychological treatments for mental health, substance use/abuse disorders	Includes all phases from basic research (Stage 0) to D&I (Stage V)
Medical Research Council (MRC), 2008	Proposes a four-phase cyclical framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions	Includes all phases from intervention development through implementation
ORBIT model [17]	Two-phase model for developing behavioral interventions with a focus on preventing and treating chronic physical diseases	Focuses on pre-efficacy phases (Phases I and II)