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. 2016 Mar 10;4(1):e22. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.4569

Table 1.

Comparison of baseline demographics and knowledge scores between control and intervention groups.


Intervention Control Overall sample
Age – Mean (range)
54.23 (27.9-86.19) 54.44 (26.81-92.15) 54.34 (26.81-92.15)
Gender – N (%)




Female 79 (77.45%) 85 (82.52%) 164 (80.0%)

Male 23 (22.55%) 18 (17.48%) 41 (20.0%)
Language – N (%)




Xhosa 66 (60.55%) 72 (63.16%) 138 (61.88%)

English 43 (39.45%) 40 (35.09%) 83 (37.22%)

Afrikaans 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.75%) 2 (0.90%)
Marital status – N (%)




Married 48 (44.04%) 47 (41.23%) 95 (42.60%)

Single living with partner 5 (4.59%) 3 (2.63%) 8 (3.59%)

Single living with family 47 (43.12%) 51 (44.74%) 98 (43.95%)

Single living with others 2 (1.83%) 2 (1.75%) 4 (1.79%)

Divorced 3 (2.75%) 1 (0.88%) 4 (1.79%)

Widow or widower 4 (3.67%) 10 (8.77%) 14 (6.28%)
Education – N (%)




Below Grade 7 20 (18.35%) 26 (22.81%) 46 (20.63%)

Between Grade 7 and 12 63 (57.80%) 62 (54.39%) 125 (56.05%)

Passed matric 23 (21.10%) 24 (21.05%) 47 (21.08%)

No matric but diploma 2 (1.83%) 1 (0.88%) 3 (1.35%)

Postmatric qualification 1 (0.92%) 1 (0.88%) 2 (0.90%)
Employment status – N (%)




Unemployed 55 (50.46%) 48 (42.11%) 103 (46.19%)

Employed 26 (23.85%) 32 (28.07%) 58 (26.01%)

Pension 27 (24.77%) 34 (29.82%) 61 (27.35%)

Not looking for employment 1 (0.92%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (0.45%)
Monthly income – N (%)




None 24 (22.02%) 18 (15.79%) 42 (18.83%)

Less than R4000 26 (23.85%) 32 (28.07%) 58 (26.01%)

R4000-R10,000 1 (0.92%) 2 (1.75%) 3 (1.35%)

Pension or social grant 58 (53.21%) 62 (54.39%) 120 (53.81%)
Hypertensive knowledge score – Mean (range)
8.77 (1-15) 8.54 (2-16) 8.65 (1-16)
Health-seeking behavior score – Median (range)
8 (2-10) 8 (4-11) 8 (2-11)
Overall score – Median (range)
17 (3-24) 16 (8-22) 17 (3-24)