FIG 5.

Improved acetic acid resistance by overexpression of WHI2 and/or PSR1 gene targets. Cell growth (A), glucose consumption (B), and ethanol production (C) were determined during fermentation in SC medium containing glucose (20 g/liter) and acetic acid (2.5 g/liter [pH 4.0]). The results are the means from duplicate experiments; error bars indicating standard deviations are not visible when smaller than the symbol size. (D) Proposed mechanism involving Whi2 and Psr1 in eliciting the acetic acid stress response in S. cerevisiae.