Table 2.
Comparative effectiveness of cardio-selective vs non-selective β-blockers in persons on chronic dialysis with respect to mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular morbidity-mortality (CVMM)
| ACM | CV event model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHR | 99 % CI | AHR | 99 % CI | |
| Cardio-selective vs. non-selective | 0.84* | 0.72–0.97 | 0.86* | 0.75–0.99 |
| Vintage (start of β-blocker) | 1.71 | 0.69–4.28 | 0.85 | 0.38–1.90 |
| Age, 10 year increments | 1.15* | 1.00–1.33 | 1.11* | 1.06–1.16 |
| Female sex | 1.01 | 0.92–1.10 | 1.09 | 0.97–1.23 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | 1.29* | 1.10–1.50 | 1.09 | 0.95–1.25 |
| African-American | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- |
| Hispanic | 0.85 | 0.70–1.03 | 0.97 | 0.82–1.13 |
| Other | 0.79 | 0.59–1.06 | 0.98 | 0.77–1.25 |
| BMI category | ||||
| < 20 kg/m2 | 1.38* | 1.11–1.72 | 1.16 | 0.94–1.43 |
| 20–24.9 kg/m2 | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- |
| 25–29.9 kg/.m2 | 0.84 | 0.71–1.00 | 1.01 | 0.87–1.17 |
| 30+ kg/m2 | 0.85 | 0.72–1.00 | 0.97 | 0.84–1.13 |
| Missing BMI | 1.00 | 0.55–1.80 | 1.18 | 0.81–1.73 |
| Current smoker | 1.05 | 0.83–1.38 | 1.18 | 0.71–1.96 |
| Substance abuser | 1.47 | 0.98–2.23 | 0.94 | 0.64–1.38 |
| Unemployed | 1.58 | 0.74–3.36 | 1.32 | 0.83–2.12 |
| Inability to ambulate | 1.25 | 0.93–1.69 | 1.00 | 0.75–1.32 |
| Inability to transfer | 1.20 | 0.72–1.99 | 0.85 | 0.50–1.46 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 0.93 | 0.80–1.09 | 1.04 | 0.91–1.19 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.92 | 0.79–1.07 | 1.00 | 0.87–1.15 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.04 | 0.89–1.21 | 1.06 | 0.93–1.22 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 1.11 | 0.91–1.34 | 0.96 | 0.80–1.15 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.00 | 0.83–1.20 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.29 |
| Comorbidity burden (mod Liu) | 1.09* | 1.06–1.11 | 1.07* | 1.04–1.09 |
| Hemoglobin > = 11 | 1.00 | 0.86–1.17 | 0.96 | 0.84–1.11 |
| Hemoglobin missing | 1.05 | 0.83–1.33 | 0.98 | 0.80–1.20 |
| Self-care dialysis | 1.36* | 1.01–1.83 | 1.16 | 0.90–1.50 |
AHR adjusted hazards ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index
*p < 0.01