Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Sample
| Variable | % or M (SD) | n |
|---|---|---|
| Child race and ethnicity | ||
| Black | 41.3% | 418 |
| Hispanic | 26.8% | 272 |
| White | 21.9% | 222 |
| Other | 10.0% | 101 |
| Child gender | ||
| Female | 51.1% | 521 |
| Child age (months) | 40.83 (3.83) | 1,015 |
| Father’s age | 31.67 (7.48) | 879 |
| Mother’s age | 28.50 (6.02) | 994 |
| Father’s education | ||
| Less than a high school diploma | 37.6% | 174 |
| High school diploma/GED | 33.5% | 155 |
| Some college | 20.7% | 96 |
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 8.2% | 38 |
| Mother’s education | ||
| Less than a high school diploma | 31.7% | 305 |
| High school diploma/GED | 33.4% | 321 |
| Some college | 28.1% | 271 |
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 6.8% | 65 |
| Father’s employment status | ||
| Full time | 68.2% | 307 |
| Part time | 14.4% | 65 |
| Unemployed | 17.4% | 78 |
| Mother’s employment status | ||
| Full time | 33.9% | 319 |
| Part time | 22.0% | 207 |
| Unemployed | 44.1% | 415 |
| Parent marital status | ||
| Married | 34.1% | 339 |
| Not married | 15.5% | 154 |
| Not two-parent household | 50.4% | 501 |
| Respondent parent depression | 1.73 (0.97) | 991 |
| Respondent relation with child | ||
| Mother/mother figure | 87.0% | 864 |
| Household size | 4.55 (1.58) | 993 |
| Household language | ||
| Language majority | 83.0% | 842 |
| Ratio of income to poverty | 2.73 (1.43) | 993 |
| Teacher | ||
| Years of experience | 12.39 (7.54) | 1,018 |
| Highest degree | ||
| High school diploma/GED | 5.5% | 56 |
| Some college or less | 15.9% | 162 |
| Associate’s degree | 41.7% | 424 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 30.5% | 310 |
| MA or graduate school | 6.4% | 66 |
| Specialization in ECE | 92.9% | 893 |
| Depression | 1.51 (0.79) | 1,019 |
| Classroom | ||
| Amount of instruction | ||
| Math | 5.25 (0.64) | 1,019 |
| Literacy | 5.10 (0.73) | 1,019 |
| Quality | 3.58 (0.56) | 974 |
| Responsiveness/sensitivity | 66.05 (9.72) | 979 |
| Program type | ||
| Full day | 54.2% | 552 |
| Half-day | 43.2% | 441 |
| Home-based Head Start | 2.6% | 27 |
| Center director | ||
| Highest degree | ||
| Some college or less | 7.6% | 75 |
| Associate’s degree | 18.4% | 182 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 42.1% | 417 |
| Graduate school (no degree) | 5.2% | 51 |
| Graduate school (MA/PhD) | 26.7% | 264 |
| Specialization in ECE | 93.4% | 928 |
| Education coordinator | ||
| Highest degree | ||
| Some college or less | 1.2% | 12 |
| Associate’s degree | 7.5% | 77 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 33.2% | 339 |
| Graduate school (no degree) | 11.4% | 116 |
| Graduate school (MA/PhD) | 46.7% | 476 |
| Specialization in ECE | 92.3% | 941 |
Note. Measures were collected in the fall of Year 1. ECE = early childhood education.