Table 1.

Description of Exercises.

Warm-up	Ankle range of motion-In long-sitting, ankle dorsal and plantarflexion.
	Knee range of motion-In long-sitting, flex the knee and hip as far as possible by sliding the foot toward the pelvis. Extension is done by sliding the foot back.
	Posterior leg stretching-In supine, with help of a belt, subject flexes exercise hip as far as possible keeping the knee in full extension (hold for 30 sec).
Resistance training	Knee extensors- Seated, long or short arc quadriceps. Exercise was performed from 90° to 60, from 30° to 0°, or terminal knee extension, depending on pain tolerance.
	Hamstrings curls in standing or lying prone (up to 60° of knee flexion).
	Hip abductors-side-lying with the back against a wall. Subject abducts the exercise hip ≈30°. The heel of the exercise limb touches the wall throughout the exercise. Ankle cuff weights are used for resistance.
Functional tasks	Get up and sit down from a chair. Initially use chair armrests for assistance and progress by not using armrest.
	Bilateral knee flexion/extension in standing. Start exercise bearing moderate body weight on handrail or counter, and progress not holding on handrail or counter. Exercise is also progressed into unilateral knee flexion/extension.
	Ascend and descend a flight of stairs. Progress speed as tolerated.
Balance/ dynamic stability	Side stepping. Progress by stepping over low obstacles.
	Braiding-alternate front and back cross-over steps while moving laterally (carioca).
	Tandem walk alternating legs with each step. Progress by stepping over low obstacles and by tandem walking backwards.
	Crossover walking-subject crosses one leg in front of the other, alternating legs with Each step to a maximum of ≈1ft width.
	Multiple change in direction-Therapist directs the subject to either walk forward, backward, sideways, or on diagonal by cueing patient with hand signals.
	Foam-subject stands on a soft foam surface with both feet on the ground. Therapist attempts to perturb patient balance in random fashion. Progress to single leg support.
	Tilt-board-subject stands on a tilt board with both feet on the board. The therapist perturbs the tilt board in forward and backward and side to side directions.