Table 2.
Demographic and Biomedical Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline.
| Group 1 n=21 |
Group 2 n=11 |
Group 3 N=33 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age - Mean ± SD | 69 ± 6.0 | 70 ± 9.5 | 67 ± 6.6 | 0.402 |
| Gender-N of Female (%) |
12 (57) | 8 (73) | 27 (82) | 0.142 |
| Race-N (%) | 0.353 | |||
| Caucasian | 20 (95) | 11 (100) | 29 (88) | |
| African-American | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 4 (12) | |
| Marital Status-N (%) | 0.934 | |||
| Married | 12 (57) | 7 (64) | 20 (60) | |
| Not Married | 9 (43) | 4 (36) | 13 (40) | |
| Education-N (%) | 0.489 | |||
| Less than College Degree |
9 (43) | 4 (36) | 9 (27) | |
| College Degree | 12 (57) | 7 (64) | 24 (73) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) - Mean ± SD |
30 ± 4.4 | 31 ± 4.0 | 30 ± 4.2 | 0.775 |
| Months Since Surgery- Median (Range) |
3 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 0.451 |
| Number of surgeries on right side (%) |
11 (52) | 5 (46) | 17 (52) | 0.926 |
| Number of Comorbidities‡- Median (Range) |
2 (5) | 2 (5) | 2 (6) | 0.589 |
| Knee Pain¥ - Mean ± SD |
2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 0.300 |
| Physical Function†- Mean ± SD |
18.4 ± 10.9 | 20.7 ± 8.5 | 19.1 ± 9.1 | 0.814 |
‡
Number of Comorbidities was assessed as the number of health problems reported by the subjects including high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, blood disorder, cancer, depression, back pain, memory problems, hip fracture, and lung, stomach, kidney, liver, or heart disease;
¥
Knee pain was assessed by an 11-point numeric pain scale;
†
Physical function was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster (WOMAC) Universities Osteoarthritis Index;
The WOMAC physical function subscore has 17 items (each scored from 0 to 4) with possible scores from 0 to 68 points. Larger scores in WOMAC indicate worse pain and function. WOMAC version LK3.1 was used.