TABLE 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Geographic Characteristics of Current Users of Rosiglitazone in Medicare Feefor-Service Study Sample at Index Date by Race*
| Characteristics | White Rosiglitazone Users (n=37,412) (%) |
Black Rosiglitazone Users (n=7862) (%) |
White Rosiglitazone Users With History of Cardiovascular Disease (n=8776) (%) |
Black Rosiglitazone Users With History of Cardiovascular Disease (n=1471) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | 60.5 | 69.9 | 57.5 | 72.4 |
| Age group (y) | ||||
| 65–69 | 30.9 | 34.6 | 25.0 | 30.9 |
| 70–74 | 26.2 | 27.8 | 24.6 | 27.5 |
| 75–79 | 20.5 | 19.0 | 22.4 | 19.1 |
| 80–84 | 13.4 | 10.8 | 16.8 | 12.6 |
| ≥ 85 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 11.2 | 9.9 |
| Low personal income | 34.8 | 60.7 | 45.5 | 72.2 |
| SES index score by zip code [mean (SD)] | 49.68 (4.0) | 48.14 (3.8) | 49.77 (3.8) | 47.95 (3.5) |
| US Census division | ||||
| New England | 5.4 | 2.3 | 5.7 | 1.7 |
| Middle Atlantic | 14.9 | 18.6 | 15.6 | 16.0 |
| East North Central | 14.9 | 11.6 | 16.0 | 14.6 |
| West North Central | 8.7 | 2.4 | 9.5 | 2.4 |
| South Atlantic | 19.5 | 34.8 | 17.8 | 34.1 |
| East South Central | 8.8 | 13.9 | 9.1 | 12.6 |
| West South Central | 10.9 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 13.4 |
| Mountain | 6.2 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 0.6 |
| Pacific | 10.7 | 4.1 | 10.3 | 4.5 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 23.5 | 18.7 | — | — |
| Medication adherence | ||||
| High adherence MPR ≥ 1 | 43.8 | 38.0 | 41.5 | 36.4 |
| Low adherence MPR < 1 | 56.2 | 61.9 | 58.5 | 63.6 |
| No. outpatient visits | ||||
| ≤ 2 | 59.5 | 64.7 | 30.0 | 33.7† |
| > 2 | 40.5 | 35.3 | 69.9 | 67.2 |
| Provider type | ||||
| Endocrinology/cardiology | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 |
| Other | 94.9 | 96.1 | 93.6 | 93.8 |
| Receipt of ≥ 1 non-TZD oral DM claim in preperiod | 33.3 | 39.1 | 63.8 | 54.9 |
The SES index score is derived from zip code-level US Census variables based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s specifications; higher SES values imply higher SES (US mean, 50). All numbers refer to percentages, with the exception of SES index score.
To compare baseline characteristics in both study samples among black and white enrollees, P-values were computed for dichotomous variables using the χ2 test and for continuous variables using the t test; except where italicized, all tests resulted in P-values < 0.000 or where designated with an
the P-value was less than < 0.05.
DM indicates diabetes mellitus; MPR, medication possession ratio; non-TZD, a medication not in the thiazolidinedione class; SES, socioeconomic status; y, years.