Figure 4.

Trilineage differentiation potential of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) ejected via 30G needles. To verify the differentiation capacity of ejected hMSCs via 30G needles, adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation was carried out on ejected and control samples following 21 days of differentiation. Adipogenic differentiation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red staining of calcified matrix. Phase-contrast microscopy of micromass cultures shows differentiation down the chondrocyte lineage, as confirmed by Alcian Blue staining. In Von Kossa-stained samples, calcified deposits are indicated by white arrows. Scale bar = 50 µm. Cells cultured in mesenchymal stem cell growth medium without induction served as a negative control.