Table 5.
Stiffness Modulus (kPa) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|
Human LV | ES = 18.3 ± 4.1, ED = 15.0 ± 3.2 (assuming E = 3μ) ED: 24.9 ±2.2 |
[130] [131] |
Pig LV | ES = 28.0 ± 5.7, ED = 18.1 ± 5.6 (assuming E = 3μ) | [103] |
Human ventricular muscle strips | PO, VO: 137.2, 51.4 (extension = 0.05) PO, VO: 85.5, 18.8 (extension = 0.2) |
[106] |
Human ventricular muscle, filament-extracted strips | PO, VO: 28.1, 10.7 (extension = 0.05) PO, VO: 97.8, 43.6 (extension = 0.2) |
[106] |
Adult human CM obtained from endocardial ventricular biopsies | PO, Normal, VO: 154.6, 59.1, 20.7 (extension = 0.05) PO, Normal, VO: 90.3, 47.8, 46.8 (extension = 0.2) |
[106] |
Abbreviations: CM, cardiomyocyte; E, elastic modulus; ED, end-diastolic; ES, end-systolic; LV, left ventricle; PO, pressure overload; VO, volume overload; μ, shear modulus.