TABLE 4.
HRs (95% CIs) of becoming overweight or obese according to baseline total dairy intake by subgroups of women1
| Total dairy intake, servings/d |
|||||||
| Quintile 1: 0 to <1.0 | Quintile 2: 1.0 to <1.5 | Quintile 3: 1.5 to <2.1 | Quintile 4: 2.1 to <3.1 | Quintile 5: ≥3.1 | P-trend | P-interaction | |
| Age, y | |||||||
| ≤60 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 1453 | 1454 | 1426 | 1380 | 1287 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.11 | |
| >60 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 224 | 256 | 241 | 264 | 253 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.13) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) | 0.99 | 0.80 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||
| <23 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 544 | 560 | 523 | 516 | 449 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 0.91 (0.79, 1.05) | 0.18 | — |
| 23 to <24 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 503 | 497 | 489 | 457 | 459 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.10) | 0.21 | — |
| ≥24 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 630 | 653 | 655 | 671 | 632 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.23) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 0.77 | 0.10 |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | |||||||
| Cases, n | 759 | 815 | 807 | 851 | 773 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.22 | — |
| Past | |||||||
| Cases, n | 603 | 612 | 629 | 622 | 551 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.77 | — |
| Current | |||||||
| Cases, n | 315 | 283 | 231 | 171 | 216 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.30) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | 0.25 | 0.36 |
| Physical activity, MET-h2/wk | |||||||
| <7.5 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 822 | 728 | 677 | 620 | 598 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.28 | — |
| ≥7.5 | |||||||
| Cases, n | 855 | 982 | 990 | 1024 | 942 | — | — |
| Multivariable | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.47 | 0.96 |
1
HRs and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression models. Multivariable adjusted HRs were adjusted for age, randomization treatment, BMI, smoking status, vigorous exercise, postmenopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, history of hypercholesterolemia, history of hypertension, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, energy intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. Tests for interaction were calculated with the use of Wald’s test.
2
MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours.