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. 2016 Mar 25;4(1):99–113. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-15-00261

TABLE 2. Percentage of Women Whose Most Recent Birtha Occurred With No One Present, Stratified by Residence, Wealth Quintile, and Maternal Age.

Residence Household Wealth Index Maternal Age at Birth
Country & Survey Year Total Urban Rural Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest <20 20–34 ≥35
sub-Saharan Africa
Angola 2006-07 8.4 3.5 13.7 15.5 13.0 5.8 3.9 0.6 5.8 9.2 17.3
Benin 2011-12 1.1 0.9 1.3 2.6 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.3
Botswana 1988 1.4 0.2 1.7 NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 1.6 2.5
Burkina Faso 2010 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.8
Burundi 2010 3.6 1.6 3.8 5.4 3.7 3.0 4.6 1.3 0.5 3.0 7.4
Cameroon 2011 3.1 1.3 4.4 8.1 3.6 1.6 0.6 0.3 2.2 3.1 4.3
Central African Republic 1994-95 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.5 2.7 2.7 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.9 4.2
Chad 2004 4.0 2.9 4.3 3.6 6.6 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.1 4.5 5.2
Comoros 0.9 0.8 0.9 2.2 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.0 1.2
Congo (Brazzaville) 2011-12 0.5 0.1 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.7
Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.4
Côte d'Ivoire 2011-12 2.4 0.7 3.4 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.0 0.6 0.7 2.6 3.4
Eritrea 2002 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.5
Ethiopia 2011 3.8 1.6 4.2 3.4 4.8 3.8 3.9 2.9 2.8 3.6 6.0
Gabon 2012 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3
Gambia 2013 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.8 1.7 0.9 0.4 2.0 2.7
Ghana 2008 2.7 1.1 3.8 4.8 3.7 1.7 1.6 0.5 1.1 2.3 5.7
Guinea 2012 7.1 1.9 9.0 11.5 6.5 9.1 5.8 0.5 3.8 6.2 15.8
Kenya 2008-09 6.5 1.8 7.6 8.2 8.4 7.4 5.8 2.1 2.4 5.8 16.4
Lesotho 2009 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.4 0.7 2.0 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.7
Liberia 2013 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3
Madagascar 2008-09 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.7 2.0
Malawi 2010 2.7 2.2 2.8 3.9 3.1 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.5 2.5 6.7
Mali 2012-13 5.8 2.0 6.7 7.7 6.7 8.0 4.5 1.1 3.9 5.8 8.1
Mauritania 2000-01 6.9 1.6 10.9 7.4 10.4 10.0 4.8 1.1 6.6 6.6 8.4
Mozambique 2011 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 0.9 0.9 2.6
Namibia 2013 0.9 0.2 1.5 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.6
Niger 2012 14.5 3.6 16.2 16.4 17.7 18.1 12.6 7.3 8.8 15.0 19.1
Nigeria 13.0 6.4 16.7 25.7 17.4 10.5 5.1 1.6 9.1 12.8 17.8
Rwanda 2013 7.3 5.2 7.6 9.8 8.9 7.7 5.5 3.1 2.0 6.3 13.7
Sao Tome and Principe 2008-09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegal 2012-13 5.1 1.5 7.0 11.3 6.7 2.9 2.1 0.2 2.4 4.7 8.7
Sierra Leone 2013 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2
South Africa 1998 2.1 0.6 3.5 5.4 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 2.1 3.0
Sudan 1989-90 4.3 2.1 5.5 NA NA NA NA NA 7.5 3.7 4.5
Swaziland 2006-07 4.4 1.5 5.3 11.3 4.8 1.8 2.1 1.2 2.1 3.7 14.2
Tanzania 2010 3.5 1.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.2 0.0 1.3 3.4 5.5
Togo 2013-14 3.1 0.8 4.4 5.2 5.1 3.4 1.0 0.3 1.5 2.8 5.4
Uganda 2011 6.8 1.0 7.7 8.8 8.7 9.0 5.2 1.1 1.4 6.5 14.2
Zambia 3.1 1.1 4.1 4.5 4.6 3.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 2.5 9.4
Zimbabwe 2013-14 2.8 1.4 3.4 5.1 3.1 3.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.5 8.3
North Africa/West Asia and Eastern Europe
Albania 2008-09 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0
Armenia 2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijan 2006 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
Egypt 2014 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2
Jordan 2012 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2
Moldova 2005 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
Morocco 2003-04 1.1 0.4 1.8 2.5 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.7 3.2
Turkey 1998 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.1 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.6 3.3
Ukraine 2007 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemen 1997 4.4 2.7 4.9 3.6 4.1 5.8 5.2 3.5 2.0 4.2 7.7
Central Asia
Kyrgyz Republic 2012 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
Tajikistan 2012 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8
Turkmenistan 2000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0
Uzbekistan 1996 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9
South and Southeast Asia
Bangladesh 2011 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0
Cambodia 2010 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 2005-06 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.4
Indonesia 2012 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4
Nepal 2011 2.9 1.4 3.0 7.7 2.6 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 3.0 7.2
Pakistan 2012-13 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2
Philippines 2013 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 1987 0.2 0.0 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 0.3 0.0
Thailand 1987 1.0 0.2 1.1 NA NA NA NA NA 0.4 0.6 5.0
Timor-Leste 2009-10 3.0 1.6 3.4 4.5 3.5 3.7 2.4 0.6 1.8 2.2 5.6
Vietnam 2002 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Latin America and the Caribbean
Bolivia 2008 0.9 0.4 1.5 2.0 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.9 1.5
Brazil 1996 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.8
Colombia 2010 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2
Dominican Republic 2013 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Ecuador 1987 2.2 0.6 3.8 NA NA NA NA NA 0.4 2.0 5.7
El Salvador 1985 7.6 3.0 11.3 NA NA NA NA NA 4.5 7.8 13.5
Guatemala 1998-99 1.2 0.0 2.0 3.6 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 2.7
Guyana 2009 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.8
Haiti 2012 1.9 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.4 2.3 0.8 1.5 4.2
Honduras 2011-12 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 1.0
Mexico 1987 2.6 0.8 5.6 NA NA NA NA NA 0.5 2.7 4.9
Nicaragua 2001 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.0 3.8
Paraguay 1990 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5
Peru 2012 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8
Trinidad and Tobago 1987 0.1 0.0 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 0.1 0.0
a

Data were restricted to the most recent live birth in the 3 years preceding each survey.