TABLE 3. Percentage of Women Whose Most Recent Birtha Occurred With No One Present, Stratified by Antenatal Care (ANC) Visits, Birth Order of the Index Child, and Maternal Educational Levels.
| No. of ANC Visits for Recent Birth | Birth Order of the Index Child | Mother’s Highest Educational Level | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country & Survey Year | Total | None | 1–3 | ≥4 | 1 | 2–3 | 4–5 | ≥6 | None | Primary | Secondary or higher |
| sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||||||
| Angola 2006-07 | 8.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13.3 | 7.9 | 0.0 |
| Benin 2011-12 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Botswana 1988 | 1.4 | NA | NA | NA | 0.3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Burkina Faso 2010 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Burundi 2010 | 3.6 | 16.7 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 0.3 |
| Cameroon 2011 | 3.1 | 9.6 | 3.1 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
| Central African Republic 1994-95 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Chad 2004 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 1.4 |
| Comoros | 0.9 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| Congo (Brazzaville) 2011-12 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
| Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
| Côte d'Ivoire 2011-12 | 2.4 | 8.7 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 0.5 |
| Eritrea 2002 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Ethiopia 2011 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 1.3 |
| Gabon 2012 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| Gambia 2013 | 1.9 | 23.9 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Ghana 2008 | 2.7 | 8.6 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1.5 |
| Guinea 2012 | 7.1 | 20.5 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 2.4 | 1.1 |
| Kenya 2008-09 | 6.5 | 17.2 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 9.4 | 16.2 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 3.0 |
| Lesotho 2009 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
| Liberia 2013 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Madagascar 2008-09 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
| Malawi 2010 | 2.7 | 15.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
| Mali 2012-13 | 5.8 | 11.8 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 1.5 |
| Mauritania 2000-01 | 6.9 | 11.0 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 3.3 | 1.5 |
| Mozambique 2011 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Namibia 2013 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 0.3 |
| Niger 2012 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 13.7 | 6.4 | 11.2 | 16.7 | 19.1 | 15.7 | 10.1 | 3.6 |
| Nigeria | 13.0 | 21.5 | 17.1 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 14.6 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 9.7 | 2.6 |
| Rwanda 2013 | 7.3 | 36.4 | 8.7 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 6.2 | 10.1 | 15.3 | 11.7 | 6.7 | 2.9 |
| Sao Tome and Principe 2008-09 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Senegal 2012-13 | 5.1 | 23.6 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 6.3 | 3.5 | 0.8 |
| Sierra Leone 2013 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| South Africa 1998 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 3.1 | 0.9 |
| Sudan 1989-90 | 4.3 | NA | NA | NA | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 7.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Swaziland 2006-07 | 4.4 | 15.2 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 8.3 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 2.4 |
| Tanzania 2010 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.7 |
| Togo 2013-14 | 3.1 | 13.5 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 8.4 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 0.9 |
| Uganda 2011 | 6.8 | 14.1 | 8.6 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 13.7 | 12.5 | 7.2 | 2.2 |
| Zambia | 3.1 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 0.9 |
| Zimbabwe 2013-14 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 6.2 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 2.1 |
| North Africa/West Asia and Eastern Europe | |||||||||||
| Albania 2008-09 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Armenia 2010 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Azerbaijan 2006 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Egypt 2014 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Jordan 2012 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Moldova 2005 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Morocco 2003-04 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Turkey 1998 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Ukraine 2007 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Yemen 1997 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Central Asia | |||||||||||
| Kyrgyz Republic 2012 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Tajikistan 2012 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Turkmenistan 2000 | 0.2 | 17.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| Uzbekistan 1996 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
| South and Southeast Asia | |||||||||||
| Bangladesh 2011 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Cambodia 2010 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| India 2005-06 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Indonesia 2012 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Nepal 2011 | 2.9 | 9.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 6.5 | 12.0 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 1.0 |
| Pakistan 2012-13 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Philippines 2013 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Sri Lanka 1987 | 0.2 | NA | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Thailand 1987 | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Timor-Leste 2009-10 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 1.3 |
| Vietnam 2002 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | |||||||||||
| Bolivia 2008 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| Brazil 1996 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
| Colombia 2010 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Dominican Republic 2013 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Ecuador 1987 | 2.2 | NA | NA | NA | 0.8 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 2.0 | 0.2 |
| El Salvador 1985 | 7.6 | NA | NA | NA | 2.9 | 5.6 | 9.8 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 4.8 | 0.0 |
| Guatemala 1998-99 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Guyana 2009 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Haiti 2012 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| Honduras 2011-12 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| Mexico 1987 | 2.6 | NA | NA | NA | 0.6 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 |
| Nicaragua 2001 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| Paraguay 1990 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Peru 2012 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago 1987 | 0.1 | NA | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
a
Data were restricted to the most recent live birth in the 3 years preceding each survey.