Table 3.
Predictors of mortality and loss to follow-up at 12 months of ART among the cohort during the study period (July 2007–December 2012)
| Factors at baseline | Mortality
|
Loss to follow-up
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na=1382, data shown as n/N (%) | Crude HR, (95% CI) | Adjusted HR, (95% CI) | Nb=3,256, data shown as n/N (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| Health facility | ||||||
| Public | 1,348/12,865 (10.5) | Reference | Reference | 2,951/12,865 (22.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Private | 34/610 (5.6) | 0.49 (0.35–0.69) | 0.50 (0.35–0.70) | 305/610 (50.0) | 1.91 (1.69–2.15) | 1.80 (1.59–2.03) |
| Age at initiation (years) | ||||||
| 18–29.9 | 206/2,409 (8.6) | Reference | Reference | 710/2,409 (29.5) | Reference | Reference |
| 30–39.9 | 551/5,810 (9.5) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1,417/5,810 (24.4) | 0.79 (0.73–0.87) | 0.77 (0.70–0.86) |
| 40–49.9 | 393/3,655 (10.8) | 1.24 (1.05–1.47) | 1.32 (1.11–1.57) | 803/3,655 (21.9) | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | 0.72 (0.65–0.80) |
| ≥50 | 232/1,601 (14.5) | 1.74 (1.45–2.11) | 1.86 (1.53–2.25) | 326/1,601 (20.4) | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | 0.70 (0.61–0.80) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 737/8,002 (9.2) | Reference | Reference | 1,726/8,002 (21.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 645/5,473 (11.8) | 1.34 (1.21–1.49) | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 1,530/5,473 (27.9) | 1.40 (1.31–1.50) | 1.45 (1.35–1.55) |
| Employment | ||||||
| Unemployed | 642/6,082 (10.6) | Reference | Reference | 1,621/6,082 (26.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Employed | 740/7,393 (10.0) | 0.67 (0.60–0.74) | 0.83 (0.74–1.92) | 1,635/7,393 (22.1) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) |
| Education | ||||||
| Above primary level (≥ Grade 8) | 1,124/11,687 (9.6) | Reference | Reference | 2,709/11,687 (23.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Below primary level (< Grade 8) | 55/471 (11.7) | 1.28 (0.98–1.68) | 1.21 (0.92–1.59) | 123/471 (26.1) | 1.23 (1.02–1.47) | 1.40 (1.16–1.68) |
| Unknown | 203/1,317 (15.4) | 1.82 (1.57–2.11) | 1.66 (1.42–1.94) | 424/1,317 (32.2) | 1.31 (1.07–1.38) | 1.42 (1.28–1.58) |
| WHO stage | ||||||
| Stage I or II | 705/7,989 (8.8) | Reference | Reference | 1,973/7,989 (24.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Stage III or IV | 545/4,367 (12.5) | 2.11 (1.9–2.35) | 1.52 (1.37–1.70) | 1,048/4,367 (24.0) | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3 blood) | ||||||
| ≤100 | 973/4,050 (24.0) | Reference | Reference | 1,767/4,050 (43.6) | Reference | Reference |
| 101–200 | 299/4,213 (7.1) | 0.44 (0.38–0.50) | 0.55 (0.48–0.63) | 978/4,213 (23.2) | 0.75 (0.69–0.81) | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) |
| 201–350 | 110/2,780 (4.0) | 0.26 (0.21–0.31) | 0.35 (0.29–0.43) | 511/2,780 (18.4) | 0.66 (0.59–0.72) | 0.74 (0.67–0.82) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||||
| No anemia | 320/3,016 (7.3) | Reference | Reference | 252/3,016 (8.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Mild anemia | 410/3,273 (12.5) | 1.56 (1.20–2.05) | 1.25 (1.17–1.29) | 373/3,273 (11.4) | 1.27 (1.16–1.37) | 1.22 (1.24–1.39) |
| Moderate anemia | 481/4,492 (10.7) | 1.34 (1.18–1.97) | 1.13 (1.08–1.20) | 489/4,492 (10.9) | 1.19 (1.23–1.49) | 1.13 (1.15–1.31) |
| Severe anemia | 171/969 (17.7) | 2.14 (1.90–2.35) | 1.47 (1.31–1.64) | 268/969 (27.7) | 1.63 (1.52–1.75) | 1.61 (1.49–1.73) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| ≥18.5 | 699/9,061 (7.7) | Reference | Reference | 1,868/9,061 (20.6) | Reference | Reference |
| <18.5 | 683/2,773 (24.6) | 2.40 (2.15–2.66) | 1.76 (1.58–1.98) | 1,388/2,773 (50.0) | 2.03 (1.89–2.18) | 1.35 (1.25–1.45) |
Notes:
a
Number of patients that died during the study;
b
number of patients that were lost to follow-up. Reference =1.00.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, body mass index.