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. 2015 Oct 24;7(1):193–208. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6220

Figure 2. Function of AR and ERs in PC epithelial cells and prostate SCs.

Figure 2

Panel A illustrates the putative role of AR and ERs (α or β) in epithelial PC cells. Depending on experimental setting, these receptors mediate the indicated biological responses in PC cells [27]. Panel B illustrates the putative role of AR and ERs (α or β) in prostate SCs or CSCs. With few exceptions [103], AR is almost undetectable in prostate and PC SCs [8, 11-15, 93-95]. Prostaspheres derived from primary human prostate epithelial cells express ERs (α or β1) that activate transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms, thus sustaining growth, transformation and stemness [12, 15, 102]. PC epithelial cells and prostaspheres derived from primary human prostate epithelial cells also express the novel ER, GPR30 [12, 15, 85, 86].