| Gastric cancer |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
Survival rate of NDRG2-negative patients is lower. Silenced NDRG2 is associated with worse prognosis and shorter disease-free survival. |
NDRG2 methylation and down-regulated NDRG2 are negatively related to depth of tumor invasion, Borrmann classification and TNM stage. |
5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A |
Inhibit invasion |
[60, 61, 71, 75] |
| Hyperthermia |
Increase apoptosis rate |
| Colorectal cancer |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
There is a trend for NDRG2 level to decrease with increasing Dukes' stage. Patients with reduced level of NDRG2 mRNA have a statistically significantly shorter disease-free survival and overall survival duration. |
There is a trend for NDRG2 level to decrease with tumor invasion depth and histology grading. |
-- |
-- |
[13, 14, 62–64, 68, 69] |
| ESCC |
protein is lower |
The expression of NDRG2 is inversely associated with clinical stage, patients' vital status and 5-year overall survival rate. |
The expression of NDRG2 is inversely associated with TNM classification, and histological differentiation. |
-- |
Reduce cell proliferation, colony formation and DNA replication activity |
[58, 70] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
NDRG2 down-regulation in patients is accompanied with elevated AFP serum level, portal vein thrombi, recurrence and lower survival rate. |
NDRG2 down-regulation in patients with late TNM stage, infiltrative growth pattern, poor differentiation grade, nodal/distant metastasis and tumor invasion. |
Non-steroidal FXR agonists |
Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis potential of corresponding cells |
[9–11, 59, 73, 74] |
| Sh-NDRG2 |
Enhance EMT |
| Ad-NDRG2 |
Increase apoptosis rate |
| Gallbladder carcinoma |
-- |
Patients with NDRG2 negative expression correlate with worse prognosis and lower survival rate. |
Down-regulation of NDRG2 tends to show deeper invasion depth and higher TNM stage. |
-- |
-- |
[55] |
| Pancreatic cancer |
mRNA is lower |
There exists a significant association between poor prognosis and NDRG2-negative expression. |
-- |
-- |
-- |
[10, 72] |
| Glioblastoma |
protein is lower |
Survival rate of patients is significantly negative with NDRG2 expression level. |
Glioma tumor grade is significantly negative with NDRG2 expression level. |
cDNA encoding hNDRG2 |
Reduce the cell proliferation |
[19, 54–56] |
| Astrocytomas |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
NDRG2 expression is positively correlated with the life span of astrocytoma patients. |
NDRG2 expression is negatively correlated with pathological grading. |
-- |
-- |
[51, 56] |
| MeningiomaA6:A6:B14 |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
[52] |
| Neuroblastoma |
|
-- |
-- |
-- |
Inhibit cell proliferation |
[57] |
| Renal cell carcinoma |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
The down-regulation of NDRG2 expression is associated with higher tumor recurrence and lower survival rate. |
The down-regulation of NDRG2 expression is negatively associated with TNM stage, tumor magnitude, nuclear grade, Fuhrman's grade and tumor invasion. |
-- |
Inhibit tumor cell growth, migration and invasion |
[79–82] |
| Prostate cancer |
protein is lower |
Low NDRG2 expression is significantly associated with short recurrence-free survival and overall survival. |
The down-regulation of NDRG2 in prostate cancer tissues is significantly correlated with advanced pathological stage, positive metastatic status and high Gleason score. |
Ad-NDRG2 |
Inhibit tumor growth and invasion |
[77, 78] |
| Bladder cancer |
protein is lower |
-- |
The NDRG2 level is negatively correlated with tumor grade and pathologic stage. |
LEN-NDRG2 |
Inhibit cell proliferation |
[12] |
| Breast cancer |
mRNA is lower |
Patients with high NDRG2 expression have better disease-free survival and overall survival. |
NDRG2 overexpression suppresses breast cancer cell adhesion and invasion. |
-- |
-- |
[21, 83, 84] |
| Lung cancer |
protein is lower |
NDRG2 level is negatively correlated with UICC stage, and positively correlated with survival time. |
NDRG2 level is negatively correlated with pathological metastasis and TNM stage. |
-- |
-- |
[15, 86] |
| Thyroid cancer |
mRNA and protein levels are lower |
-- |
There is no significant correlation between NDRG2 expression and distant metastases. |
-- |
-- |
[83, 87] |
| Fibrosarcoma |
-- |
-- |
Tumor migration is significantly reduced by NDRG2. |
Injected with NDRG2 cells |
Inhibit cell proliferation |
[88] |
| Oral squamous-cell carcinoma |
mRNA is lower |
-- |
Induction of NDRG2 expression significantly inhibits cell proliferation. |
-- |
-- |
[89] |
| Myeloid leukemia |
protein is lower |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
[90] |
