Fig. 4.

Schematic representation of tissue grafts and organs of human origin for clinical therapeutics (examples are given where appropriate; illustrations are not to scale). Autologous tissue grafts include soft tissues, such as free gingival grafts; fat, fascial, skin (partial-thickness or full-thickness) and myocutaneous flaps; and bone grafts, including block bone and cancellous bone. Allogenic tissues for transplantation include corneal grafts; skin grafts; and certain composite (organ-level) tissues, such as a full hand or a near-total face transplant. In addition, organ allotransplantation is often performed for the kidney, liver, lung and heart, among others. Bone grafting materials and dentin matrix can be produced from the bone and teeth of human cadavers. The images used here are selected samples for schematic representation only; they do not represent any particular preference by clinicians.

Source: Figure components (6) and (11): [115], Copyright 2011, and [116], Copyright 2009, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Ltd; Component (10) courtesy of Jewish Hospital, Kleinert, Kutz and Associates Hand Care Center and University of Louisville; the remaining components are by the authors, or from unpublished resources from the corresponding author's institution (provided by Dr. Guicai Liu in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery).