Table 1.

Behavioral results

Area	Subject	%Choosing Left	P Value	%Repeating Side	P Value	%Side Switch Following Loss	P Value
vmPFC	B	50.1900	0.0038	49.8700	0.0042	49.8800	0.0079
vmPFC	H	50.5600	0.0007	51.2200	<0.0001	49.4800	0.0041
VS	B	46.0400	<0.0001	49.2700	0.0024	51.8400	0.0010
VS	C	54.1100	<0.0001	51.2400	0.0002	51.5900	0.0019
OFC	B	46.6600	<0.0001	51.0300	<0.0001	50.7600	0.0017
OFC	H	47.9600	<0.0001	51.3300	0.0001	51.3700	0.0010
dACC	B	49.7300	0.0059	52.4700	<0.0001	52.4400	<0.0001
dACC	J	51.0400	0.0001	54.0100	<0.0001	54.1000	<0.0001
sgACC	B	45.8872	<0.0001	51.8566	0.0006	49.3517	0.4254
sgACC	J	54.6069	<0.0001	56.9829	<0.0001	41.6913	<0.0001

All 4 monkeys showed small biases in side chosen (left vs. right). All 4 monkeys also showed small biases from the side chosen on the previous trial (repeat side vs. switch side). Finally, all 4 monkeys also showed extremely small biases towards or away from switching sides following a loss (repeat side vs. switch side). These effects are nonetheless significant given the large number of trials used. vmPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex; VS, ventral striatum; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.