Fig. 1.

Experimental conditions. A: No-Delay condition: Participants were provided with outcome and error feedback as soon as movement amplitude reached 10 cm radial from the start location. The former was indicated by a color change at the target location (green = hit; red = miss), as well as a +1 point increment on hit trials. The latter was provided by displaying a cursor to indicate hand position. In the example shown, the cursor is rotated clockwise by 30° (e.g., start of rotation block). B: Both-Delay condition: Outcome and error feedback were delayed by 5 s. C: Cursor-Delay condition: Outcome feedback was provided immediately, while error feedback was delayed by 5 s. D: experiment 3 task workspace. Participants were instructed to verbally report the number corresponding to where they planned to aim to get their cursor on the target. The numbers always flanked each side of the target and rotated along with the target such that 1 and −1 were always adjacent to the target.