FIG 3.

Effects of perturbations of the electron transport chain (ETC) on persister frequency. (A) Operons (in uppercase letters) or specific genes (in lowercase letters) that participate in the ETC were knocked out, and the persister frequency of each knockout mutant was measured in the presence of 5 μg/ml Nor. The persister frequency of each deletion mutant was divided by that of the WT strain to obtain the relative value. Abbreviations: NUO, NADH dehydrogenase I (nuoABCDEFGHIJKLMN); ndh, NADH dehydrogenase II (Ndh-2); SDH, succinate dehydrogenase (sdhCDAB); CYO, cytochrome bo oxidase (cyoABCD); CYD, cytochrome bd-I oxidase (cydAB); appB, cytochrome bd-II oxidase (appBC); Q, ubiquinone. (B) Comparison of intracellular fumarate levels among the WT, highly persistent mutants (hipA7 and ΔCYD), and a less persistent mutant (ΔSDH). a.u., arbitrary units. (C) Comparison of extracellular fumarate levels among the mutants. The arrows indicate a fumarate peak.